Essay on Kill the Buzz - 1250 Words

For any crazed sports fanatic there is nothing more exciting than taking your family to see your favorite team play their rivals. What can be better than being in the midst of the biggest rivalry in sports? Of course nothing ruins a good family sporting event like a bunch of out of control intoxicated fans. Alcohol presents nothing but foul language, fights, possible DUI’s and car accidents. The presence of alcohol only puts the public at risk at the expense of giving people entertainment by being under the influence. Having alcohol present at collegiate sporting events is not only unnecessary, but it’s more of a nuisance than anything else. When you’re at a game with your family there’s nothing more aggravating then having a†¦show more content†¦Anyone who has been to a college sporting event or professional game knows there is no shortage of inebriated fans in attendance. How many of these fans actually have a designated driver? Odds ar e no one makes plans to have a designated driver making them irresponsible consumers. Adults may argue that as long as they are of age then there should be no limitations as to what they can do at these games, but if they are â€Å"responsible† enough to drink then they can be responsible enough to have a sober driver as well. Published last week in the journal of Alcoholism: Clinical and experimental research, the study measured blood alcohol content of exactly 362 adult fans as they left 13 stadiums [and found that] 8 percent of adult fans registered a blood alcohol content that exceeded the legal limit. (â€Å"Study Explores Prevalence†) These figures are significant in proving that even grown adults cannot be responsible enough for ensuring that they will not be behind the wheel while being intoxicated. This behavior is not only embarrassing to the community but it is also extremely dangerous to the civilians driving around the stadium after an event. â€Å"[So], while these figures seem small, consider that 8 percent of a packed stadium that seats 20,000 fans translates into nearly 1,600 people with blood alcohol content that exceeds theShow MoreRelatedSmoking Should Be Illegal742 Words   |  3 Pagesshould be illegal because it causes cancer and it s highly addictive. People can die from lung cancer First,SMOKING CAN KILL† states â€Å"lung cancer is the No. 1 cancer killer in the United States for both men and women. It kills more people than breast, prostate, colon, liver, kidney and melanoma cancers combined. Lung cancer is caused by smoking. Next,â€Å"WARNING SMOKING CAN KILL YOU† claims â€Å"tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Around 400,000 people die each yearRead MoreBeauty and the Beast Essay991 Words   |  4 Pagesbeginning Belle and her Father feared him but by the end Belle is no longer scared and sees him as a human being. Other noticeable changes are the times when he risks his own life for Belle, when she runs away from the Castle and when he kills Gaston at the end. The evil character has changed by the end and though and is now Gaston. He is very confident, handsome and charming. At the beginning of the film he comes across quite charming but begins to change. TowardsRead MoreMovie Release : The Hay s Code1314 Words   |  6 Pagesfor Plato’s gun, Plato without hesitation takes the offer and hugs the jacket. We see him having a moment with the jacket, putting it to his face on it and caressing it. Though he fails numerous times, Plato demonstrates desires to defend Jim from Buzz. He also takes on the role of the quintessential female counterpart watching his man in the sidelines in a â€Å"sword fight† at the planetarium with a face full of fear and worry. Yet, it is never explicitly revealed to us if he’s actually gay. There wereRead MoreMaterialism in America Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesBeep. Beep. Beep. Cars, clothes, cell phones. Buzz. Buzz. Buzz. Facebook, Twitter, MySpace. Ring. Ring. Ring. American Eagle, Pink!, Miss Me. Beep. Beep. Beep. Need the new IPhone, need the new IPad, need new clothes. Buzz. Buzz. Buzz. Need to go shopping, need to check Facebook, need to play video games. Ring. Ring. Ring. Sta y up until two in the morning on the computer, shop all day, played on phone for hours. Beep. Beep. Beep. Buzz. Buzz. Buzz. Ring. Ring. Ring. â€Å"Debit or Credit?† â€Å"Would you likeRead MoreWhy Even Start Using? 947 Words   |  4 Pagesare just curious all the time and they want to see why people use tobacco products(Cigarette smoke). What most users say is that they experience a Buzz when using a tobacco(Campaign for tobacco free kids), but almost all users say that you build up a tolerance really quick and the buzz never comes again. Teens are using tobacco mostly to get the buzz. Another reason why teens experiment with tobacco is because they think they are invincible and they wont be the ones to become a long time userRead MoreThe Day That Changed My Life Essay841 Words   |  4 Pages The Day my Life Change Forever Buzz, Buzz, Buzz my phone went across the bathroom counter! I heard it vibrate and ring constantly as I took my shower before church. By the time I got out the shower, I had three missed calls from my dad and four from my mother. At the time I thought my mother was just giving me a heads up my dad needed me or was wondering where I was at. I had sent the weekend with my boyfriend and hadn’t spoken to my father. But as I looked at my phone and realized neither one ofRead More Death in Emily Dickinsons Because I Could Not Stop for Death, I Heard A Fly Buzz-When I Died, and I Felt A Funeral In My Brain1449 Words   |  6 PagesDeath in Emily Dickinsons Because I Could Not Stop for Death, I Heard A Fly Buzz-When I Died, and I Felt A Funeral In My Brain Emily Dickinsons poems Because I Could Not Stop for Death, I Heard A Fly Buzz-When I Died, and I Felt A Funeral In My Brain all deal with one of lifes few certainties, death. Dickinsons intense curiosity towards mortality was present in much of her work, and is her legacy as a poet. Because I could Not Stop for Death is one of Emily Dickinsons Read MoreHamlets Arrogance1066 Words   |  5 Pagesdefeats that go down in the history books are the ones induced by the attacker’s sense of self-importance. Shakespeare ensures that conceit will once again wreak havoc on the lives of the unsuspecting in Hamlet with two seemingly harmless words: â€Å"Buzz, buzz† (II, ii, 417). This, Hamlet’s pretentious dismissal of a loyal friend by comparing his news to the drone of idle conversation, makes it clear that hubris and the blindness that accompanies it, whether intentional or not, are the ultimate sourceRead MoreApollo 11 : An Annual Holiday For Americans1110 Words   |  5 Pagescrash and die and possibility push the moon out of orbit. They ended up landing and our goal of getting to the moon was achieved. The first astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first men to set foot on the moon. â€Å"That s one small step for a man,† said Armstrong, â€Å"one giant leap for mankind.† Neil Armstrong, Edwin â€Å"Buzz† Aldrin Jr. and Michael Collins on board (Staff). This moment in time where Neil Armstrong put the American flag on the moon was a step towards the future. Everyone watchingRead MoreCarry On By Rainbow Rowell After The Success Of Her Book1628 Words   |  7 Pagesthey could never switch by castle law. He is born to a wealthy family and his mother was Headmistress of the school before a vampire attack killed her and turned Baz into a vampire as well -- though he’d never tell anyone that. Baz has been asked to kill Simon by his family but every time he’s been asked he just can’t do it. Simon hates Baz throughout the first part of the story, even going into detail as to how he spent his entire 6th year following Baz around in the Catacombs to prove him a vampire

Efficiency vs. Effectiveness Defining the Difference Free Essays

Almost every organization, be it a corporation, non-profit or government strives to be more effective and more efficient. Organizations often make important strategic and operational decisions based on how different alternatives will increase or decrease efficiency or effectiveness. But many organizations and managers struggle to understand the difference between efficiency and effectiveness and often get â€Å"wrapped around the axle† debating semantics rather than actually evaluating the alternatives at hand. We will write a custom essay sample on Efficiency vs. Effectiveness: Defining the Difference or any similar topic only for you Order Now These concepts are often used interchangeably and with little consistency, and in some cases improvements to efficiency or effectiveness can appear to be interdependent. For example, an organization that is seeking to invest in its call center would likely face alternatives that would deliver both increased efficiency and effectiveness improvements. Implementing an automated call distribution system can reduce resolution time and allow lower staffing levels in the call center, delivering against the efficiency criteria. Alternatively, providing call center operators better insight into customer profiles can promote cross selling and allow agents to identify and satisfy unmet customer needs. This alternative addresses the effectiveness criteria. Projects typically favor one criteria or the other, but they are not always mutually exclusive. Investments can occasionally deliver on both the efficiency and effectiveness criteria, these (rare) projects allow an organization to do more with less. An example of this type of project is a transaction system that provides better customer analytics and increases productivity. However, in those cases where a project is touted as impacting both criteria it is important to ask critical questions to ensure outcomes are not being confused. For example, if an organization invests in automated sales reporting solution expecting an increase in efficiency and effectiveness, the solution may simply replace a manual process with an automated one, improving only efficiency. If the solution does not provide additional data or insight it is not likely to drive revenue growth, or effectiveness. More consistent application of these definitions should help align expectations around outcomes of your most important decisions. For more information contact: Ted Schneider Principal, SwitchPoint LLC ted@switchpointllc.com Brian Leslie Principal, SwitchPoint LLC brian@switchpointllc.com Increases Efficiency Improves Effectiveness Definition Allows organizations to do the same amount of work with fewer resources Allows organizations to generate higher revenues, independent of resources required Examples ï‚ § Automation of manual processes ï‚ § Organizational restructuring / outsourcing ï‚ § Expansion of online presence ï‚ § Increased insight into customer behavior / preferences How to cite Efficiency vs. Effectiveness: Defining the Difference, Papers

Understanding Society for Literature and Languages- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theUnderstanding Society for Literature and Languages. Answer: A society is constructed through the active involvement of its citizens. The relationship between an individual and the society is mutual where society influences the way individuals life is shaped and individuals actions shape the way society is viewed. However, societal beliefs exert stronger influence on the individual and the community. In this essay, two key aspects of the society and their influence on the individual shall be thoroughly discussed. The discussion will focused on the two aspects specifically from the perspective of unemployment situation in Australia. The essay will first provide a detailed description of the two aspects of societal beliefs that include social construction and social imagination. Then, it will delve upon the issue of unemployment in Australia and attempt to find the possible reasons using relevant theories. This will be followed by the use of social theories to explain the problem of unemployment in Australia further. According to the theory of social construction, human beings associate their experiences by developing model of the social world. They share this model with their peer communities in a well-constructed manner by communicating through messages and languages (Holmes et al. 2014). To put it simply, social constructions are common suppositions developed by the society and may differ as per the contexts of culture (Whitty 2017). The first use of the term social construction was found in Berger and Luckmans work titled Social Construction of Reality published in 1966 (Best 2017). However, the origin of the concept is credited to theorists like Piaget and Vygotsky. According to Piaget, social construction occurs through active alteration to reality in which beginners construct knowledge by making and examining their own theories of world. Light (2017) while supporting his view states that Piagets approach gave rise to the contemporary theories of cognitive development that contributed largely towards social construction. The author remarks, The no-mans land between cognitive development and social psychology has recently been transformed into a very busy place. He further adds, Much of the contemporary research identified by social cognition is concerned with the interpretation of social behavior in cognitive terms. In contrast to this view, Loureno (2016) argues that with the development of science, explainin g social construction in cognitive terms have become vague. According to the author, the developmental stages proposed by Piaget although useful to chart developmental change, must be based on strong conceptions. Vygotsky is credited with the development of social constructivism, as he was the one who completely rejected Piagets assumptions that upheld the possibility of separating learning from social context (Amineh and Asl 2015). Vygotsky propagated that social construction help understand the cultural development of human beings. In his view, cultural development occurs twice in a persons life, once at the individual level and next at the social level. Marginson and Dang (2017) stated that Vygotskys theory helped develop the contemporary theories that define social construction. The authors argue that the concepts of Vygotsky have helped understand the social psychology of people. Social imagination, on the other hand, links the life of an individual with the history of the society. Social imagination helps individuals realize the connection between larger society and personal experiences by developing a deeply rooted comprehension in the individual. The American sociologist C Wright Mills first introduced the concept in 1959 in his book The Sociological Imagination (Laliberte Rudman 2014). As per the views of Mills, sociological imagination refers to the realization of the link between personal experience and the wider society. Many experts claim that social imagination in the contemporary world assists in understanding some complex issues concerning todays society. The author raises the issue of same-sex marriage in the U.S. and interprets it in terms of changing social imagination. The social imagination thus provides a solid ground for both researchers and students to comprehend some of the complex issues of the modern society by linking the social behavio r to the constructs of the wider society. Unemployment is a social menace that hampers the progress of any society. Unemployment arises out of several reasons, most glaring of which include lack of education and poverty. All these reasons are interlinked as unemployment leads to poverty and increased poverty leads to lack of education, which then escalates the problem of unemployment. However, the concept of unemployment could be more clearly understood with the use of the two theories of social construction and social imagination. The social construction theory explains unemployment as the unwillingness in people to work. As Smyth (2016) puts it, unemployment provides a good excuse to lazy people to avoid working. This theory however, does not attempt to investigate deeper into the causes of unemployment. The proponents of this theory overlook many reasons like satisfaction at job, less payment and so on. The theory relates the grave issue of unemployment with a petty reason like personal weakness. Many theorists have heavily criticized social constructionists perspective of unemployment in the past and in the present. However, it is important to note that this view of unemployment is still relevant in countries like France where laziness is always attributed to lack of employment opportunities. In Japan as well as in Brazil too, the social constructionist view of unemployment prevails. In contrast to this theory, social imagination views the problem of unemployment not something due to individual weakness but due to social problem. As per this theory, unemployment arises when the society fails to safeguard the interest provide adequate opportunities to its people. In a nation with close to 30% population facing the crisis of unemployment, it is evident that the problem lies more within the societal structure rather the within the individual (Mavromaras et al. 2015). In Australia, the trend depicts that the society is more inclined towards following the social constructionist theory. Here, most people associate unemployment with an individuals laziness rather than the social problems. Nonetheless, many people on the other hand consider lack of sufficient opportunities to individuals as per qualifications as the root cause of unemployment. Many Australian youths do not succeed in finding a job in spite of the fact that they possess adequate qualification to be employed (Golebiowska et al. 2016). This has resulted in the higher rate of emigration where Australian youth leave their homeland to find suitable jobs in other advanced nations. It is thus the need of the hour that the government both at state and federal level invest a fair amount of their time and money to find concrete solutions to the problem. Some scholars have analyzed the causes of unemployment in the country during the early years of 1960s and 70s. The author states that the causes of unemployment resulted from the level of unemployment benefit payments and the conditions imposed on income earned by unemployment benefit recipients. On the other hand, some attribute lower wages, negligence of under privileged minority community including the indigenous community in Australia as the prime causes of unemployment. These views incline towards the fact that unemployment is not due to the weakness of the individual as social constructionism believes but it is the result of larger problems prevalent in the society. Practical instances could be used to present a better picture of the situation where the collective view of the Australians regarding the problem could be explained. In regards to this, Australia is viewed as a nation that is market oriented and liberal, a welfare state that regards unemployment and receipt of social security as a social stigma (Livingstone 2018). In the past, Australian policies on unemployment and the unemployed population has largely focused on encouraging unemployed people to seek jobs. The social security policy according to which, the unemployed were entitled to receive payments was also limited to those who demonstrated consistency in their efforts to search for jobs. Despite the cut in payments for the unemployed, there has been gradual decline in the rate of employment in the last 40 years in the country. According to leading English daily, there has been a 13.5% rise in the rate of joblessness and 18% rise in underemployment in Australia over the last four decades (Theguardian.com 2018). The reason for this remarkable downfall in the employment rate is largely attributed to the rapid increase in migration over the past few decades. This further evidences the influence of social constructionist view. To conclude it can be stated that social construction and social imagination are two effective and important theories that clearly explain the problem of unemployment. Unemployment is a social evil that arises due to the lack in certain benefits to the individuals. The assignment focuses on these two theories to explain unemployment in Australia. Primarily, the assignment compares and contrasts the two theories and beliefs regarding the Australian unemployment problem. It could be analyzed from the study that the Australian society emphasizes social construction theory and associates unemployment with personal weakness and failure rather than limitations within the society and the government. In addition, it has also been found from the analysis that apart from attributing personal weakness to unemployment, the Australian society provides excuses like increase in migration as a major cause of unemployment. References: Amineh, R.J. and Asl, H.D., 2015. Review of constructivism and social constructivism.Journal of Social Sciences, Literature and Languages,1(1), pp.9-16. Best, J., 2017. Typification and social problems construction. InImages of issues(pp. 3-10). Routledge. Carvalho, P., 2015. Youth unemployment in Australia.Policy: A Journal of Public Policy and Ideas,31(4), p.36. Golebiowska, K., Elnasri, A. and Withers, G., 2016. Responding to Negative Public Attitudes towards Immigration through Analysis and Policy: regional and unemployment dimensions.Australian Geographer,47(4), pp.435-453. Holmes, D., Hughes, K. and Julian, R., 2014.Australian sociology. Pearson Australia. Laliberte Rudman, D., 2014. Embracing and enacting an occupational imagination: Occupational science as transformative.Journal of Occupational Science,21(4), pp.373-388. Light, P., 2017. Social interaction and cognitive development: a review of post-Piagetian research. InDeveloping thinking(pp. 67-88). Routledge. Livingstone, D. W 2018,The Education-Jobs Gap: Underemployment or Economic Democracy?, Abingdon: Routledge, pp.56-65. Loureno, O.M., 2016. Developmental stages, Piagetian stages in particular: A critical review.New Ideas in Psychology,40, pp.123-137. Marginson, S. and Dang, T.K.A., 2017. Vygotskys sociocultural theory in the context of globalization.Asia Pacific Journal of Education,37(1), pp.116-129. Mavromaras, K., Sloane, P., Wei, Z 2015, The scarring effects of unemployment, low pay and skills under-utilization in Australia compared,Applied economics,vol. 47, no.23, pp. 2413-2429. Smyth, J 2016, Puncturing notions of precarity through critical educational research on young lives in Australia: Towards a critical ethnography of youth,Ethnography and Education,vol.11. no.2, pp.129-141. Theguardian.com (2018).Third of Australian youth have no job or are underemployed, report finds. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/mar/27/third-of-australian-youth-have-no-job-or-are-underemployed-report-finds [Accessed 28 Apr. 2018]. Whitty, G 2017,Sociology and school knowledge: Curriculum theory, research and politics, Abingdon: Routledge, pp.305-412.

Ultimate Guide on How to Write a Sociology Essay

Students commonly have a problem writing essays on sociology. Whenever you are given the task of writing a paper on the subject of sociology, the most important step is actually not the process of writing, but the planning of the essay that takes place beforehand. It involves gathering the reading materials and conducting the research. Sometimes, teachers tend to illustrate which sources students should use to write their essays. If you get such a list, do your best to gain access to as many sources as you can. Having a bibliography of credible sources instantly gives the readers confirmation that the information contained has been drawn from reliable sources, so the content of the paper is also reliable. What Is a Sociology Essay Exactly A sociology essay, as the name implies, is an essay about the development of human society, the way it is structured and the way it operates. Hence, the topics for a sociology essay can range from such social issues as bullying in schools and teenage pregnancy to the influence of culture on society. A sociology essay is structured just like a regular essay containing an introduction, body paragraphs with topic sentences, and a conclusion. The thesis statement at the beginning captures the whole essence of the essay. It is a brief and concise statement that presents the main idea of the essay in a nutshell. The body paragraphs dwell on the thesis statement, each paragraph elaborating a certain aspect of the thesis statement. Ideally, body paragraphs are based on the ideas as they are chronologically hinted upon in the thesis statement. Here’s How to Start a Sociology Essay Starting a sociology essay can be particularly daunting. Students lack direction and have no clue as to how to go about the essay. They are just given a topic to write on, and they may not have detailed knowledge and information about it. Here, we suggest certain statements that can help to have a good start in any essay. Learn them and try to incorporate them in your future essays: â€Å"In a happy and healthy society, the importance of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. cannot be overstated. You can fill any kind of good set of words in the blank above. For example, if your essay is about the effects of smoking on health, you can fill â€Å"clean air† in the blank. If your essay is about overweight and obesity, you can fill â€Å"a good balanced diet and exercise routine† in the blank above. If your essay is about children’s dropping out from schools, you can fill â€Å"good education† in the blank above. Just be creative. â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. is one of the most important elements in the optimal functioning of a society† is another good starting sentence. Again, you can fill in any word or set of words depending upon the topic of your essay. For an essay on the topic â€Å"Children waste time on social media,† you can fill â€Å"Time management† in the blank above. Think deep and come up with words that would serve as the antithesis of the negative aspects of your assigned topic. â€Å"Our dependence on †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. has increased over the passage of time.† Fill in â€Å"technology,† â€Å"ready-made meals,† or â€Å"digital currency† or such other words depending upon your sociology essay topic. Here’s How to Write a Good Sociology Essay A good essay on sociology requires a depth of knowledge. So start with gathering information. Below are some tips and tricks that you can always apply to write a good sociology essay: Start with brainstorming. Make an outline Write your essay based on the outline. Elaborate the topic sentence of each body paragraph with examples. Only draw information from credible sources. They can be high-impact journal articles and books, many of which can be easily accessed online. A good sociology essay is grammatically correct and has the right sentence structure. After writing it, go through the entire essay to pick out such mistakes and correct them as you go. How to Create a Sociology Essay Outline Writing an outline before starting to write the actual essay is always advisable so that the final piece of writing is structurally sound, informative, and interesting to read. Here are some tips to write an outline: Divide the outline into introduction, body, and conclusion. Make at least three paragraphs in the body. No need to write lengthy sentences; just write brief and concise sentences. Elaborate the topic sentence of each body paragraph with at least two examples. Make a list of references you will use for your essay in the end. For each body paragraph, just write the topic sentence and underneath it, mention at least two examples as points, then move over to the next paragraph’s topic sentence. This way, you will have a topic sentence and two points for each body paragraph. Do You Need Help with Sociology Essay Structure? Is it the structure of your sociology essay that you need help with? Ok, let’s start with what your teacher has specified. Did he/she give you instructions regarding the structuring of the essay? If so, simply follow that. If not, then the above outline is a good thing to start with. If you follow it correctly, you will end up with a good essay structure. Good Ideas for Sociology Essay Introduction It is helpful to learn some suitable introductory phrases. One is, â€Å"Technology has revolutionized the way society operates.† You can fit this starting line in many different kinds of sociology topics including communication, social media, and modern business practices. Another suitable introductory phrase is, â€Å"A safe and healthy society is the foundation of stability and growth of a country.† You may also use â€Å"Modern society has changed from the past in a lot of ways† as your introductory sentence. The Sociology Essay Body: The Main Part! The real challenge in writing a sociology paper surfaces as you proceed towards the middle of the essay. As a general rule, simply dwell on the outline you created before. You have the introductory phrase, thesis statement, topic sentences, examples, and concluding statement already. Just explain the points and fill in transitional words or phrases like â€Å"on the contrary,† â€Å"notwithstanding,† â€Å"nevertheless,† â€Å"in contrast to† etc. The Right Way to Write a Sociology Essay Conclusion Writing a good conclusion is no less important either. Try to summarize the whole essay in one brief paragraph. Rewrite the thesis but in different words. Write a line or two suggesting further research areas. Some Sociology Essay Tips If you have the choice to select a topic yourself, search sociology essay topics online. Choose the one you understand the best. Type the keywords of your topic on your search engine, and read a few articles that show up on the Internet. Reading will help you catch ideas so you can construct a good essay with them. Get Complete Essay Now! We don’t just give guidelines; we also write very good sociology essays. If you don’t have the time to write your essay yourself because of work overload or having an exam to prepare for, give us a call and get professional help with writing a sociology essay. You will get the essay by the deadline you set. So hurry up and use our write my essay online service!

Biography of Benito Juárez, Mexicos Liberal Reformer

Biography of Benito Jurez, Mexico's Liberal Reformer Benito Jurez  (March 21, 1806–July 18, 1872) was a Mexican politician and statesman of the late 19th century and president of Mexico for five terms during the turbulent years of 1858–1872. Perhaps the most remarkable aspect of Jurez’s life in politics was his background: he was a full-blooded native of Zapotec descent and the only full-blooded native to ever serve as president of Mexico. He did not even speak Spanish until he was in his teens. He was an important and charismatic leader whose influence is still felt today. Fast Facts: Benito Juarez Known For: First Mexican president of full Mexican heritageAlso Known As: Benito Pablo Jurez Garcà ­aBorn: March 21, 1806 in  San Pablo Guelatao, MexicoParents: Brà ­gida Garcà ­a and Marcelino JurezEducation:   Oaxaca Institute of Arts and SciencesDied: July 18, 1872  in Mexico City, MexicoAwards and Honors:  Namesake for many roads and schools as well as the Mexico City airportSpouse: Margarita Maza  Children: 12 with Margarita Maza; 2 with Juana Rosa ChagoyaNotable Quote: Among individuals, as among nations, respect for the rights of others is peace. Early Years Born on March 21, 1806, into grinding poverty in the rural hamlet of San Pablo Guelatao, Jurez was orphaned as a toddler and worked in the fields for most of his young life. He went to the city of Oaxaca at the age of 12 to live with his sister and worked as a servant for a time before being noticed by Antonio Salanueva, a Franciscan friar. Salanueva saw him as a potential priest and arranged for Jurez to enter the Santa Cruz seminary, where young Benito learned Spanish and law before graduating in 1827. He continued his education, entering the Institute of Science and Art  and graduating in 1834 with a law degree. 1834–1854: His Political Career Begins Even before his graduation in 1834, Jurez was involved in local politics, serving as a city councilman in Oaxaca, where he earned a reputation as a staunch defender of native rights. He was made a judge in 1841 and became known as a fiercely anti-clerical liberal. By 1847 he had been elected governor of the state of Oaxaca. The United States and Mexico were at war from 1846 to 1848, although Oaxaca was nowhere near the fighting. During his tenure as governor, Jurez angered conservatives by passing laws allowing for the confiscation of church funds and lands. After the end of the war with the United States, former President Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna had been driven from Mexico. In 1853, however, he returned and quickly set up a conservative government that drove many liberals into exile, including Jurez. Jurez spent time in Cuba and New Orleans, where he worked in a cigarette factory. While in New Orleans, he joined with other exiles to plot Santa Anna’s downfall. When the liberal general Juan Alvarez launched a coup, Juarez hurried back  and was there in November 1854 when Alvarez’s forces captured the capital. Alvarez made himself president and named Jurez the minister of justice. 1854–1861: Conflict Brewing The liberals had the upper hand for the moment, but their ideological conflict with conservatives continued to smolder. As minister of justice, Jurez passed laws limiting church power, and in 1857 a new constitution was passed, which limited that power even further. By then, Jurez was in Mexico City, serving in his new role as chief justice of the Supreme Court. The new constitution turned out to be the spark that reignited the smoking fires of conflict between the liberals and conservatives, and in December 1857, conservative general Fà ©lix Zuloaga overthrew the Alvarez government. Jurez and other prominent liberals were arrested. Released from prison, Jurez went to Guanajuato, where he declared himself president and declared war. The two governments led by Jurez and Zuloaga were sharply divided, mostly over the role of religion in government. Jurez worked to further limit the powers of the church during the conflict. The U.S. government, forced to pick a side, formally recognized the liberal Jurez government in 1859. This turned the tide in favor of the liberals, and on Jan. 1, 1861, Jurez returned to Mexico City to assume the presidency of a united Mexico. European Intervention After the disastrous reform war, Mexico and its economy were in tatters. The nation still owed great sums of money to foreign nations, and in late 1861, Britain, Spain, and France united to send troops to Mexico to collect. Intense, last-minute negotiations convinced the British and Spanish to withdraw, but the French remained  and began fighting their way to the capital, which they reached in 1863. They were welcomed by conservatives, who had been out of power since Jurez’s return. Jurez and his government were forced to flee. The French invited Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph, a 31-year-old Austrian nobleman, to come to Mexico and assume rule. In this, they had the support of many Mexican conservatives, who thought that a monarchy would best stabilize the country. Maximilian and his wife Carlota arrived in 1864, where they were crowned emperor and empress of Mexico. Jurez continued the war with the French and conservative forces, eventually forcing the emperor to flee the capital. Maximilian was captured and executed in 1867, effectively ending the French occupation. Death Jurez was reelected to the presidency in 1867 and 1871, but he did not live to finish his last term. He was felled by a heart attack while working at his desk on July 18, 1872. Legacy Today, Mexicans view Jurez much like some Americans see Abraham Lincoln: he was a firm leader when his nation needed one and took a side on a social issue that drove his nation to war. There is a city (Ciudad Jurez) named after him, as well as countless streets, schools, businesses, and more. He is held in particularly high regard by Mexico’s considerable indigenous population, which rightly views him as a trailblazer in native rights and justice. Sources Gonzalez Navarro, Moises. Benito Juarez. Mexico City: El Colegio de Mexico, 2006.Hammett, Brian. Jurez. Profiles in Power.  Longman Press, 1994. Ridley, Jasper. Maximilian Juarez. Phoenix Press, 2001.

BristolMyers Squibb Company Essay Research Paper Joseph

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Essay, Research Paper Joseph Esposito Intermediate Accounting II Dr. Ahmed Goma Bristol-Myers Squibb Company# 8220 ; A Critical Analysis to Disclosure in Financial Reporting # 8221 ; Bristol-Myers mission is to be the preeminent planetary diversified wellness and personal attention Company. Bristol-Myers seeks to accomplish success in the planetary market place. Product- Bristol-Myers is a shaper of many utile merchandises that people use and may depend on today. There merchandises range from Pharmaceutical ( $ 8,672 million ) , consumer medical specialties ( $ 4,278 million ) , Clairol a good known hair attention system ( $ 1,160 million ) , Matrix ( $ 306 million ) , Mead Johnson nutritionary ( $ 1,789 million ) , Convatec ( $ 726 million ) , and Zimmer ( $ 1,134 ) . Some of Bristol-Myers more good known Pharmaceuticals are Taxol which is a anticancer agent that Bristol-Myers Squibb has made one of its top research and development precedences worldwide and Pravachol received FDA labeling as the universe # 8217 ; s first lipid take downing drug to forestall first bosom onslaughts. Some of Bristol-Myers well-known world-wide consumer merchandises are Ban ( deodourant ) , Nuprin, Bufferin and Excedrin ( concern alleviation drugs ) merely celebrated its thirtieth twelvemonth. Clairol is known as one of he most widely used hair attention merchandises around the universe. Matrix a subordinate of Bristol-Myers makes merchandises such as Vavoom and Biolace hair attention merchandises. Mead Johnson Nutritional another one of Bristol-Myers really successful subordinates trades with vitamins and pamper expressions such as well-known favourites like Enfamil which is said to be every bit close to breast milk. Convatec which deals with lesion, skin attention and chronic attention merchandises. Finally, Zimmer is a shaper of surgical attention devices. Industry- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company is in one of the most competitory industries in the universe. In the last 10 old ages pharmaceutical merchandises have become progressively of import. With such diseases such as Aids and Cancer blighting our society, companies such as Bristol-Myers have to take a lead function in contending these deathly diseases. Bristol-Myers is known as one of the leaders against malignant neoplastic disease. In January of 1991 Bristol-Myers was chosen by the National Career Institute ( NCI ) to go a commercial developer of Paclitaxol, now Taxol, which is the discovery intervention against Ovarian and chest malignant neoplastic disease. Taxol comes from a rare species of yew tree found in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Fabrication of the substance International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t easy due to the 50-step procedure taken to pull out it. Bristol-Myers made Taxol its figure one Research and Development precedence. Bristol-Myers leads worldwide in Cancer research and prides itself on it. Market- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company # 8217 ; s market International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t merely the U.S. Its market extends all over the universe, from Europe, Asia and South America. One of Bristol-Myers biggest market is Eastern Europe. A Magyar company named Pharmavit develops one of Eastern Europe # 8217 ; s most popular vitamins called Plusssz. Plusssz has achieved 97 per centum name acknowledgment in Hungary. Fifty per centum of the people have used the merchandise while 24 per centum usage it on a regular basis. The Plusssz line has become so successful that Mead Johnson, Bristol-Myers planetary nutritionary concern, is test selling Plusssz for launch in the Philippines and many other parts of the universe. Plusssz has established Bristol-Myers as an instant participant in Hungary, a market that is among the most competitory in all of Eastern Europe. Similarities and Differences- There are many similarities and differences between Bristol-Myers Annual Reports, Form 10K and 10Q Reports. The one-year studies for Bristol-Myers are really colourful and elaborate. However the Form 10K and 10Q studies are non colourful but merely Fiscal Statements. The one-year study is designed for the stockholder and informs any would be purchaser. Whereas the Form10K and 10Q studies are in apparent black and white and function the intent of informing none merely the Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) . It is non sent out to stockholders or would be stockholders so it isn # 8217 ; t as brassy and calendered as the one-year study. The Form 10K study has many studies inside. The 10K first begins with an debut merely as the one-year study does with a description of Bristol-Myers. It than goes into item about its merchandises much like the one-year study, nevertheless with no images or colour which the one-year study uses to its advantage. Howev er the 10K study doesn # 8217 ; t explicate in item about the merchandises. It gives a short description whereas the one-year study goes into full item about all its merchandises. After merchandises the 10K goes into item about its Domestic and Foreign operations. It starts speaking about belongingss and some of Bristol-Myers legal proceedings. The one-year study besides talks about its judicial proceeding # 8217 ; s but it hides it manner in the dorsum of the study. Largely everything from growing to success is talked about in the one-year study. After judicial proceeding # 8217 ; s the 10K goes into more about the Executive Officers, there names and ages to their place on the board. The Form 10K study is a study that is published by the financial twelvemonth while the Form 10Q study is published quarterly and the one-year study is done every twelvemonth. The Form 10K study uses a five-year fiscal sum-up. The Form 10Q studies about the company in quarters, while the one-year study summarizes the twelvemonth. In 1994, Note 1 of the Accounting rules negotiations about the Basis of Consolidation. Which merely explains that the fiscal statements have Bristol-Myers and all of its subordinates. Cash and Cash Equivalents which is the hard currency on hard currency equivalents that mature in three months or less at the clip of purchase, recorded at cost, which approximates market. Time Deposits and Marketable Securities are available for sale and are recorded at just value, which approximates cost. Inventory rating are by and large stated at mean cost, non in surplus of market. Property and Depreciation- outgos for extra reclamations and improvement # 8217 ; s are capitalized at cost, while depreciation is computed utilizing the straight-line method. The extra to be over the net assets received prior to October 31, 1970is being amortized on a straight-line footing over periods non transcending 40 old ages. The net incomes per portion are computed utilizing the weighted-average figure of portion s outstanding during the twelvemonth. Note 1 Accounting Principles is the same enemy 1995 and 1996. In 1994 Note 2 they talk about Particular Charge, which explains the judicial proceeding # 8217 ; s of the company for that twelvemonth. It is the same for 1995. In 1996 Note 2 they talk about all of there acquisitions for the twelvemonth alternatively of the judicial proceeding # 8217 ; s from the old twelvemonth cause a colony was made in 1995. For 1994 and 1995 they talk about acquisitions in Note 3. For Note 4 in 1994 and 1995 they talk about the restructuring programs for the twelvemonth. In 1994 and 1995 they explain foreign currency passage and in 1996 it is included under note 4. In 1994 and 1995 note 6 explains other income and disbursals and in 1996 they talk about there stock lists. In 1994 and 1995 note 7 contains information on proviso for income revenue enhancements, net incomes before income revenue enhancements, nevertheless in 1996 belongings, works and equipment in note 7. In 1994 and 1995 stock lists is explained for note 8, but in 1996 short-run adoption and long-run debt is the high spot for note 8. In 1994 and 1995 note 9 contains the belongings, works and equipment information, but 1996 shareholders equity is in note 9. Accrued disbursals and other liabilities are given in 1994 and 1995 for note 10, but in 1996 they talk about the fiscal instruments. In 1994 and 1995 note 11 goes on about the short term adoption and long term debt and in 1996 note 11 negotiations a small about rentals. Financial Instrument is headlined in note 12 for 1994 and 1995, nevertheless 1996goes into the section information. In 1994 and 1996 retirement benefits are e xplained in note 13, but in 1995 shareholders equity is the pick here. In 1994 and 1996 note 14 contains postretirement benefits plans other than pension, and in 1995 rental is the topic. In 1994 shareholders equity is brought up and 1995 postretirement benefits and plans other than pensions are talked about in item while in 1996 the eventualities of the litigation’s are brought up and there consequences. In 1994 note 17 contains the section information foe the companies merchandises are reported. In 1995 eventualities is the topic of the consequences of their litigation’s through the twelvemonth. And in 1994 eventualities is the concluding note 18. Note 9- Stockholders # 8217 ; Equity: On December 3,1996, Bristol-Myers Squibb board of managers authorized a two-for-one split of it common stock effectual February of 1997. The board besides recommended an amendment be considered for blessing at the one-year meeting of shareholders to increase the figure of authorised portions of common stock from 1.5 billion to 2.25 billion portions. Each of the companies preferred portions are exchangeable to 8.48 portions of common stock and is callable at the companies option. The decrease in 1996, 1995, and 1994 were a consequence due to the transition in common stock. The dividends per common stock for 1996 was $ 1.50, 1995 it was $ 1.48 and in 1994 it was $ 1.46. Stock Compensation Plans: The company allows officers, managers and cardinal employees to buy company # 8217 ; s stock at no less than 100 % of the market monetary value on the day of the month the option is granted. Options by and large become exercisable at installments of 25 % per twelvemonth and have a upper limit of 10 old ages. The program besides provides granting of stock grasp rights where the grantee may give up exercisable options and receive common stock or hard currency measured by the extra market monetary value of the common stock over the exercising monetary value. This program besides guarantees certain executives allowing of performance-based stock options. Under the TeamShare Stock Option Plan, all full clip employees, excepting cardinal executives that meet certain old ages of service demands are granted these options to buy the company # 8217 ; s common stock on the day of the month of the market monetary value. The company authorized 30,000,000 for issue under this program. As of December 31,1996, 20,250,800 options were granted under the program with 400 options granted to eligible employers. These options become exercisable on the 3rd anniversary day of the month. The company applies the Accounting Principles Board sentiment No.25, Accounting for Stock issued to Employees, in accounting for its programs. If the compensation cost for the companies other stock option programs been determined based on the just value at the grant day of the month consistent with the metrology prescribed under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, The companies net income and net incomes per port ion would hold been reduced by $ 55 million or $ .05 per portion in 1996 and $ 35 million or $ .03 per portion in 1995. The just value of options granted in 1996 and 1995 were $ 8.51 per portion and $ 6.47 per portion utilizing the Black-Scholes option-pricing. At December 31, 1996, 104,976,640 portions of common stock was reserved for issue to the stock programs options of the preferable stock. For each outstanding portion the company gives one Right. The Right becomes exercisable if the individual or group acquires good involvement of 15 % or more, of the companies common stock. Each Right entitles the individual to purchase one one-thousandth of a portion of a series of preferable stock at the exercising monetary value of $ 200. The Right expires on December 18,1997. Each Right entitles its holder to get portions have a value twice the Right # 8217 ; s exert monetary value. The company than can deliver the Rights at $ .01 per Right at any clip until the 15th twenty-four hours after the proclamation that a 15 % place has been acquired. Note 1 Accounting Policies: Note 1 Accounting Policies are the same in all three old ages: Footing of Consolidation The amalgamate fiscal statements include the histories of Bristol-Myers Squibb Company and all of its subordinates. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and hard currency equivalents chiefly include securities with a adulthood of three months or less at the clip of purchase, recorded at cost, which approximates the market. Time Deposits and Market Securities Time sedimentations and marketable securities are available for sale and are recorded at just value, which approximates cost. Inventory Evaluation Inventories are by and large stated at mean cost, non in surplus of market. Capital Assets and Depreciation Outgos for add-ons, reclamations and improvement # 8217 ; s are capitalized at cost. Depreciation is by and large computed by the straight-line method based on the estimated utile lives of the related assets. Excess of cost over Net Tangible Assetss The surplus of cost over net tangibles assets receives in concern acquisitions is being amortized on a straight-line footing over periods non transcending 40 old ages. Net incomes Per Share Net incomes per common portion are computed utilizing the leaden mean figure of portions outstanding during the twelvemonth. The consequence of portions issuable under stock programs is non important. Bristol-Myers recorded a $ 310 million restructuring charge, $ 198 after revenue enhancements, in the 4th one-fourth of 1995. The restructuring had to make with the consolidation of workss, and installations related to employees expirations. The charge consisted of employee related costs of $ 190 million, $ 100 million of assets write-downs and $ 20 million of other related disbursals. Note 10 Fiscal Instruments: Bristol-Myers enter a foreign exchange option and send on the contracts to pull off its exposure to its currency fluctuations. Bristol-Myers has been exposed to foreign currency assets and liabilities, which totaled $ 1,640 million, $ 1,385 million and $ 1,117 million at December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994. The chief currency it is in is Deutsche Markss, Gallic francs, Italian lira and Nipponese hankering. The company mitigates the currency and its consequence through 3rd party borrowers and foreign exchange forward contracts. Foreign exchange option contract normally expire within the twelvemonth and are used to fudge intercompany cargos happening during the twelvemonth. Additions are recognized in the same period as the weasel-worded minutess. Some foreign exchange forwards are used to minimise exposure to fluctuating exchange rates. Additions or losingss are recognized as weasel-worded minutess. The sums of the companies contracts at December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 were $ 1,331 million, $ 1,377 and $ 1,120 million. The company does non fear for any inauspicious consequence on its financials ensuing from its engagement in this. At December 31,1996, 1995, and 1994 the transporting value of all fiscal instruments, both short-run and long-run, equal the just value. Decision I found Bristol-Myers to be a really interesting company. They have a wide scope of merchandises and they are known around the universe. Whether it is in the United States or every bit far as Europe and Asia. They lead the universe in malignant neoplastic disease research, but at that place research and development goes beyond merely contending malignant neoplastic disease. They have managed to dunk at that place manus in every market in the universe. Whether it is malignant neoplastic disease research to basic nutritionary demands to hair merchandise. Everything that we might utilize and take for granted might hold been produced by Bristol-Myers or one of there subordinates. Bristol-Myers genuinely has an border in what of all time they do. Strong competition though given from there rivals like Merck and Johnson A ; Johnson will assist Bristol-Myers acquire in front. Merely with this type of competition will companies win and will the people who need there valuable medical specialt y.

Key factors that underpin a successful entrepreneurial team engaged in Essay

Key factors that underpin a successful entrepreneurial team engaged in setting up a business - Essay Example Setting up a business plan Business planning is an integral component when setting up a business. Entrepreneurs need to focus on their business mission and vision, and critical evaluation of both internal and external forces. Based on information gathered during situation analysis, entrepreneurs should establish goals and objectives, which they intend to achieve through efficient strategies (Madura 2006). With or without a business plan, its owners have some ideas of why the business exists, who it serves, and what it offers. In this regard, entrepreneurs need to have a clear set of goals, which should be aligned with the mission and vision statements. This helps the business to determine its growth patterns. However, the business plan is not wholly a factor to consider when setting up a business. Although it reflect the opportunities, concepts, and entrepreneurial team that fit the business, it is vital to consider other issues that the business would rely on for its success. The fo llowing sections will highlight these factors, which entrepreneurs need to consider when setting up a business. ... In fact, it is argued that entrepreneurs should only decide to start up a business after evaluating the likelihood of getting potential customers (Madura 2006). Therefore, demand is a key factor to consider when setting up a business. Another key factor to consider is competition. It is highly likely that there could be other businesses operating in the market one is intending to set up a business in. In this regard, entrepreneurs should ensure that they have full knowledge of how those other businesses operate and their performance (Tulsian and Pandey 2008). After such deliberations, the entrepreneur should design a plan on how to maintain competitive advantage strategies that would enable them emerge and survive in a highly competitive market. One of the strategies is to evaluate the product or services they want to sell. Analysis of, how the product performs in the market is vital. A good market research should aim at identifying the customer needs, preferences, and rationale of t heir consumption (Fischer, 1992). After knowing what customers need, they should set up standards that go in line with the customer’s preferences. In fact, studies have indicated that businesses that offer products of high value are more successful than those that do not (Tulsian and Pandey, 2008). It is also crucial to know the kind of products that suits target population. For example, an entrepreneur intending to start a textile business should have full knowledge of the kind of cloth designs that fit each of the age groups. Nevertheless, for a product or service to thrive in a market, promotion plays an integral role in this assurance. In this regard, it is crucial that

How can the child's position in the family and the size of the childs Essay

How can the child's position in the family and the size of the childs family influence his or her development - Essay Example r of significant studies dealing with family size and child’s IQ development, it has been noted that a large number of studies routinely show that family size is related considerably to children’s IQs: the larger the family, the lower the children’s IQ is likely to be (Zajonc 1976). This can be because of the reason that less crowded families gets parents to be more involved with their children giving them more attention than larger families. Size of the family has had a depressing effect on children’s IQ in Scotland and France alone with families of four or more children scoring below the mean for the general population. In a separate study in France and Holland, family size has been found to operate somewhat independently of socioeconomic status when it comes to children’s IQs. This is to say that children from smaller families have the advantage when it comes to cognitive development irrespective of their parents’ economic status, and large families tend to depress children’s IQs irrespective of their parents’ economic status. Moreover, as family sizes get larger, the child’s percentage of passing an admission test automatically drops according to Zajonc analysis index. There are already literary supports on the importance of birth order in the family that affect the child’s personality and other characteristics. Child’s position in the family proves to be significant according to detailed clinical studies, however factors are so numerous and varied in defying statistical generalization. There is still much doubt whether the child’s status constitutes a psychological entity accounting to the share of attention from parents. Children in the family may have the same physical environment they are exposed to but receive different attitudes and expectations for each from others depending on the child’s birth order and sex (Lindgren & Watson 1979). Reading Development. In a study concerning child’s reading influences, ordinal

English Language Essay Example for Free

English Language Essay Why and how is it to learn the English Language? That would always be the question that English language learners encounter. Learning the English language is important in the sense that it can be used in a lot of useful ways and even unites the world. How? Let us find out the nitty-gritty of the importance of learning the English language as detailed below. I will start the essay with a story that dates back in the year 2000. It was a very special year since the world celebrated the millennium. Almost every person anticipated the coming of that year. Excitement can be felt anywhere in the world. My friend, Julia and I were busy preparing for the year 2000 millennium celebration. We were decorating the dance and meal venue with colorful designs of paper art works. Julia came up to me and asked me if I can still remember his friend, Tom, his long-time chat partner. Tom is an American soldier that Julia met through the internet. I said yes, I can remember him. Julia told me that Tom is coming to the country. I was happy for her. She was happy too however she told me she had this big, big problem – Julia has difficulty expressing herself in English. Yes, Julia and Tom were long-time chat partners but problems to language barriers always arise as source of misunderstandings (very wonderful though that they manage to keep a healthy relationship despite that big problem). Having that in mind, I cannot help but remember my own experience with the English Language. Personally, I had difficulty learning the English Language, for one because it is not my native language and secondly, in day-to-day activities we use our own language and so there was no chance of learning English if I only rely on my day’s typical experiences. When I got into school for English, the first lesson if I remember it right is about the English Alphabet since it is the most basic approach towards learning the English Language. I had difficulty in remembering the Alphabet since there are 26 of them and as a beginner, everything was unfamiliar. At times when the teacher requires recitation for the alphabets, I would always avoid eye contacts with her because I am afraid that I would be called to stand up for the recitation. With my experience learning the English language, I can say that I was forced to do it -forced, because if I have it my own way, I will not burden myself learning a new language. At that time, if I only have a way not to attend the English class, I would do so. The teachers during that time are not so supportive of their students in the English class. English felt like a food that is forcibly fed upon us. They had a short understanding of psychology of students as first-timers in the English language class. However since there was a need to study English as a language, it encouraged me to attend classes. For me, that need was my guiding force and encouragement to pursue the study of the language even though the experience is unpleasant most of the time. The teachers surely have placed pressures to us students in learning the language. The pressures come in form of examinations meant to determine and measure the extent of how much we have learned in class. The pressure also took in forms of penalties, wherein, we pay fines and dues for every non-English word spoken inside the vicinity of the school. Although, it was a real tough pressure, we get to enjoy the conversation with had with classmates and teachers in English. We laughed at our own erroneous grammars. We also just laughed when at times we cannot talk with each other basically because we do not know how to say things in English. We were scared of the penalty and it would surely cost us our pennies and bills. Learning the English language is basically difficult as I have said earlier for reasons I cited therein. Yes, it is a new knowledge but that fact remains that it is a foreign language and thus really difficult to learn but as we interact with classmates and teachers and with foreign visitors who visit the school, we find it amazing on how we are able to clearly deliver the message across. It feels awesome to be understood by foreigners that visit the school. We like the idea of having foreigners around us since we are able to put into practice everything we have learned in class. We always had fun in the interactions using English as a medium of communication. I have an idea of what English is like even before when I was younger and those ideas and learnings were reinforced in the classroom. It is actually inevitable not to have basics of English at that time basically because of media proliferation. At times, in our lives even though we were younger, we are exposed to information about issues, movies, advertisements, conversations – all these – in form of English. So from this, we can conclude that it is only not in the classroom that we learn English since there was a massive exposure of people to various forms of media. In school, we can say that our English teachers taught us about the language but generally, it is the interaction that strengthens the base of our knowledge in English. In school, all we learn are theories. It is through interactions that we learn to hone our skills in English. Motivations for learning English vary (www. antimoon. com). There are those who want to learn English because they need it for international trades such as China and USA international trades. Undoubtedly, communication between these two countries is made convenient through China knowing how to speak English especially so that they are exporting their products in mainland USA. Others went to school for English basically because they wanted to study in English-speaking countries such as Australia, United Kingdom and the USA. Others are motivated to study the language to expand network of connections. Personally, I studied English not only because it is a requirement but also because of motivating factors I have mentioned above. Having studied English, I am able to trade with people around the world even if we are miles and oceans apart. I am also able to pursue higher forms of education basically because almost all textbooks that are used are in English. And undoubtedly, I am able to expand my set of connections through the English language. I have a lot of friends in other countries that at times I run to when I need some advice. When I got my certification in English I was hired as a private tutor to teach Koreans and Chinese the English language. At first, it is really difficult but at the same time challenging because I am given the task to open the minds of these people into the English language and I also foresaw that it will be my honor and pride to see these people prosper because of the English language. When I first stepped into the classroom, the number of non-English speaking students is overwhelming. But I carried with me the commitment to be able to impart what I have learned about the English language to them. I received a lot of negative comments as like me before, they are having difficulty. It was as if I relived my own experience in learning the language, only this time, I am no longer a student but a teacher. The advantage of me becoming an English teacher is that I know what these students are going through and I understand it very well. I know what their concerns are and I know what they need in order for them to learn the English language the easy and pleasant way. I am able to address each and every concern that a non-english speaking student has basically because I have been to their stage. As a teacher, I have realized that the best learning and teaching method to employ is exposure and interaction. Yes, the basics are still important for the technical side of the English language but nothing parallels the effectiveness of learning than exposure and interaction. This is the very reason why most of my students’ activities are group and interactive activities. Trust me, this is a very effective method. As they say language and culture are intertwined. Yes this is very true as culture, beliefs and practices are mostly transmitted through the use of language. For example, you notice that Australians wear the tuxedo in formal occasions. Now, a non-english speaker would ask (act of use of language), why do they wear tuxedos in special occasions? This examples depicts of how well a culture or a way of life is transmitted through the use of language particularly in our case, the English Language. In a study, English language is not the most spoken language but statistically speaking, it is the most distributed language around the world (O’ Niel, 2007). This means that anywhere we go, the probability of people having an idea of English or even knowing how to speak English is high. This perhaps the reason why especially in Asian countries like Japan, China and Korea industriously find ways and means to learn the English language as they can see the overwhelming advantages of knowing the language. Knowing the language can not only mean culture transfer but can also mean technology transfer which is still very much related to culture. By knowing how to speak English, especially in Australia, we are able to access movies and television shows that as we continue to watch, alter the way we behave, think and act. This is what we call culture assimilation through the use of language. In a recent study, the English language has long been dominating the world, in fact most of the journals published are in English. Most books authored by scientists and educators are in English. The impact of this is that if everybody knows how to speak English development in our economy, finance and public relations will be upheld in the most convenient manner. And most importantly, in the world full of chaos and war, who can tell that the English language may serve as a unifying catalyst of the world to further the understanding of each nation and result in what is long been dreamt – world peace, a world that would shelter and cultivate the human generation in the next decade, century and millennium to come such as how Tom and Julia find the love in each other through the English Language.

Bless Me Ultima: The Growing Up Of A Young Boy Essay -- Bless Ultima E

Bless me Ultima: The Growing up of a Young Boy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the book Bless me Ultima, Tony, the young main character in the story, lost his innocence when exposed to the harsh world since he learned what life is really like. Ultima is a good witch who tries to guide Tony by teaching him morals and lessons. Narsico is percieved as the town drunk, but is a good person. Tenorio is the demon in this story, as he wants to destroy Ultima. This book is about Tony's experience in adjusting to the rough world at a relatively young age.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Narsico's death with Tenorio's desire to kill Tony made him realize his limitations and acknowledge the reality. Before these incidents, Tony imagined he could control incidents that happened in real life. He thought he could effect events in life in a posotive way. After these events and experiences with people, Tony realizes that good people get bad things. When Tony was playing a game with his peers in which he was the priest, he forgave his freind, Florence, for his sins, even though he stood up to all his peers to do so. When Tony ran 10 miles home to warn Ultima, a kind whitch about Tenorio, whose desire is to destroy her spirit, he realized he or Ultima could both be exterminated. During the run, Tony thought of the future, which he hardly thought of before this event. Almost every child Tony's age was preoccupied with activities, such as playing and horsing around, and certainly not thinking what the future could...

Cybercrime technology Essay

People rationally choose to participate in criminal   acts;  in order to   prevent these acts from occurring people need to know that consequences will outweigh the benefits. If people believe that the consequences outweigh the benefits t hen they will   freely choose not to participate in the criminal behavior. On the other hand the positive   school of criminology believes that individuals participate in crime because of forces beyond individual control and relies on the scientific method to prove   it s theories (Cullen & Agnew, 2006  ). Individuals should not  be held solely responsible for their actions   because not everyone is rational. Outside factors can play an important part in determining one‟s participation in crime. Now that we have exami ned the two most   dominant schools of criminological theory we can examine how two theories, self –  control and routine activity, have been applied to the study of cybercrime and cybercrime victimization. Self – Control  Theory  One general crime theory that has been applied to the study of cybercrime is  self –  control theory. Self –  control theory was first proposed by Travis Hirschi and Michael Gottfredson in their 1990 publication A General Theory of Crime  . Self  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  control theory   beli  eves that criminal motivation is rampant, but that people act on this motivation only when they possess low self  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  control   (Cullen & Agnew, 2006)  . This paper will discuss the   basic elements of self –  control theory, as well as research that has provided eviden ce to   support the validity of this theory. Then this section will review empirical studies that have applied self  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  control theory  to the stu  dy of cybercrime and cyber victimization  and   will dis  cuss the benefits  of applying this theory to the study of cyberc  rime. Cybercrime 28 In their book, A General Theory of Crime , Travis Hirschi and Michael Gottfredson describe the major characteristics that define individuals with and without self – control (1990). Individual‟s with low self – control are â€Å" impulsive, insensitive, physica l (as opposed to mental), risk –  taking, short sighted, and nonverbal, and they will   tend therefore to engage in criminal and analogous acts .† (Hirschi & Gottfredson, 1990) People with characteristics of low self –  control may be more likely to participate in  deviant acts because they want immediate gratification. As compared to individuals who lack self –  control, individuals with self –  control are able to delay immediate gratification   and are more likely to be vigilant, emotional, verbal, and long –  term orientat  ed (Hirschi &   Gottfredson, 1990). Individuals who possess characteristics of self –  control may be better   able to appreciate the consequences of participating in   deviant acts and have the control  necessary to delay their gratification. In conclusion, those who lack self –  control are more   likely to possess characteristics such as impulsivity a  nd short –  sightedness, that make  crime and its immediate gratification more attractive to them, as compared to those who possess characteristics of high self –  control such   as being cautious and long –  term   orientated.   This brings up an important question, does an individual‟s level of self –  control   develop over time or is someone born with one level of self –  control that remains the same  throughout his or her lifetime  . According to Hirschi and Gottfredson individuals are  not  born with one certain level of self –  control,   rather   they learn self –  control most often   through their parents (  Hirschi & Gottfredson, 1990  ). An individual does not have only   on  e  level of self –  control, as they grow older they may develop a different level of self –  control then when they were younger. However, they do suggest that, â€Å"†¦individual Cybercrime 29  differences may have an impact on the prospects for effective socialization† ( Hirschi & G  ottfredson, 1990  ). For example, individuals with mental health problems may have a higher probability of not being effectively socialized. The authors believed that self –  control is learned through life, but especially while you are a child. The authors   al  so addressed why some individuals possess characteristics of self –  control. They suggest that individuals develop characteristics of self –  control as a result of   their upbringing (Hirschi & Gottfredson, 1990). While   parents do not intentionally  teach   their c  hildren  to not have  self –  control, the authors  suggest that â€Å"  in order to teach the child   self –  control, someone must (1) monitor the child‟s behavior; (2) recognize deviant behavior when it occurs; and (3) punish such behavior†¦all that is required to activat e the   system is affection for or investment in the child  .† (Hirschi & Gottfredson, 1990) They   suggest that a deficiency in any one of these categories will inadvertently allow the child to develop characteristics of low self –  control (Hirschi & Gottfredson , 1990).   Characteristics of low self –  control can be the result of ineffective parenting. Low self –  control makes crime more attractive to individuals who possess learned characteristics such as impulsivity and lack of responsibility. Good parenting is impo  rtant in developing   individuals who possess high levels of self –  control, however good parenting can only   occur if parents care about their children and are able to monitor, recognize, and effectively punish their children for deviant behavior. Self  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  control theory  has been the subject of many empirical studies, which have   attempted to test the validity of the theory in explaining crime (Pratt & Cullen 200 0; Pratt, Turner & Piquero 2004; Perrone, Sullivan, Pratt, & Margaryan 2004 ; Turner,   Piquero, & Pratt 20  05; Reisig &Pratt 2011;   Deng & Zheng 1998 ) . In 2000, Pratt and

Obama’s Foreign Policy on China

President Barack Obama and his administration’s foreign policy toward China can be summed up in one word: conciliatory. Conciliatory is not in the form of any weakness or appeasement, but rather the realization that in the 21st century global market, China is a main player on the world stage. Obama’s foreign policies are a departure from the previous administration. George Bush’s unilateral foreign policies were deemed domineering, even belligerent.From an international standpoint, Anti-American sentiments were at an all-time high during Iraqi War driven years. In America, the domestic stance after 9/11 saw this as an extension of patriotism and commitment. Nowadays, both domestically and internationally, many pundits would argue that Obama’s policy record in China inspires hope and optimism. President Obama is acknowledging the fact of a much more multipolar world exists where America cannot take all of the leadership roles by itself. Yet, at the same tim e, the world cannot go forward without America.In this respect, China needs a wide open market where they can export all their manufactured goods to consumers worldwide. Thus, it is a mutual benefit for China to have good international relations with other societies to acquire raw materials and sell products to overseas companies. President Obama’s policies toward China reflect a forward marching multilateral approach that deliberates an equal level playing field in terms of economic opportunities so that not one country can monopolize or control the global market.There is a thin line when it comes to economic diplomacy and military presence, so in regards to the currency value of the Chinese Yuan/Renminbi, the Obama administration has used strategic requests to the World Trade Organization and United Nations to sanction China on purposely keeping their currency low. These formal accusations were discussed early this year between President Obama and President Hu Jintao. There has been a consensus among the world leaders to use fair trading practices to help benefit all the countries especially in the delicate market of Asia Pacific.In this regards, even though the move is controversial, President Obama has ramped up military presence in the Pacific to police the trade waters and to secure areas where there were less American presence in previous years. These movements have alarmed China and Japan in particular but with the WTO and UN backing some of the agreements, Obama is hoping China welcomes some of the military help not as a threat to China’s national interests but a welcomed ally to settle any disputes in international waters with the recent troubles with Japan and other regional issues that arise.President Obama said that he was pleased to see the â€Å"peaceful rise of China† and hoped to continue to support China in its currency matters to ensure a more balanced way of doing commerce. (US Policy 2012) In May of this year, China le t the renminbi hit a low of 0. 9 exchange value versus the dollar. China contends the economy was slowing â€Å"sharply† thus had no choice but to try to boost its exports as a way of mending some of the bleeding (NYTimes May, 2012) This has caused much headache for the United States because its trade deficit with China has gone over $290 billion dollars last year.The Obama administration has pressed hard for three years to let the renminbi to appreciate at a faster rate than it has been. Europe also has had some struggles with this fact because for China lowering the currency allows for competitive trade in exports but brings up the cost for imports so there is less competition inside China so its citizens benefit while other countries do not. In any case, Obama is trying to build lasting bridges of mutual respect so that in the long run, the peaceful rise will end with a peaceful future.In a sense, I believe every country must make its own interests ahead of the world to se cure its citizens every benefit that is known to man. But, on the other side, without a world, it is hard for a country to reap the benefits of trade if everyone increases tariffs or lowers their currency. This is a double-edge sword that does not have an easy solution so I understand both sides and that no country is living in a vacuum. There are a quite a bit of complexities and consequences to consider and I believe there will be a mutual success in this issue.Concerning Human Capital, the Obama Administration has also pressed hard to improve the human rights issues in China in terms of economic policies to benefit workers and their family situations. Historically, having the highest population at a staggering figure of over $1. 3 billion people, the human labor supply is more than available at any given moment. Thus, United States especially has outsourced countless manufacturing companies and jobs to China. This reality the President clearly stated will not change anytime in th e future so this must be an accepted reality. (Ivaneishvili 2012) So, he Obama administration has sharply criticized China for their lack of enforcement and laws to deal with such violations. But, this criticism as the State Department states applies to the United States as well, but the United States has laws to deal with this issues so the criticism is being put in a way not to outfight offend Chinese policies but to encourage an increase in the priority of the Chinese government to follow up actions to remedy the situation (Berg 2012). The State Department also applauded China for the actions that China already has taken to ensure better working conditions and labor rates.This issue hurts at the heart of any country because human capital affects the very lives each person is trying to save. The truth of the matter in my opinion is that every country does have gross human rights issues. The problems in China are magnified and pressed by most countries because of the sheer number o f human labor that exists in China. Thus, as China continues to rise and become an economic superpower as it is becoming, those concerns will be dealt with because the people inside will and cannot stand for harsh living conditions.But, this is also the crux of the matter because if the people inside working in those factories do not care, how will the bosses ever face the truth and do something about it. Moreover, the Chinese government must also take steps to allow unions to form and protest to go on even though that might be against the government itself. As long as peaceful protests are taking place, a mutually healthy society with certain liberties will allow for better conditions all around. The sanctions or false accusations only lead to more difficult climate for genuine diplomacy to take place.The Obama Administration has done their best to limit some of the criticisms, instead, suggesting some ideas and working out plausible solutions to ensure the embassies on the ground in China can be an instrument to help both sides make the right judgments and calls on the spot for every situation that may arise (Berg 2012). Countries are going to continue to outsource jobs into China because of such cheap labor. In this sense, Americans can obtain ever increasingly cheaper products while China gains more jobs for its citizens.I do not see any reason for not forming better political allies in this respect. Lastly, there has been heated contention on the political issues vis-a-vis North Korea, Iran, and Taiwan that affect the globe economically. President Obama and his administration have recently sanctioned some banks in China that have allegedly used to fund certain radical Muslim groups and Iranian nuclear proliferation aims. The Chinese government certainly denies any wrongdoing on the part of the government and so that is not the issue (NYTimes 2012).There is no doubt China and India have become large consumers of oil and natural resources over the last few years have shifted the market that oil and coal producers desperately needed (Chang 2012). Iran and the Middles East supply most of the oil for China while America has supplied a lot of the coal for China. The rate of increase is at a huge figure of 8% a quarter growth. That is a huge supply. This type of consumption has been a blessing for many number of countries including the United States so the Obama Administration on these terms are delicate to file complaints on behalf of International Labor Unions, but he has to his credit.On the other hand, many countries including China appreciate American presence but not American intervention. To connect to two issues, some of China’s unilateral policies with these countries affect national security and oil prices in America. Thus, the two are irrevocably tied together. It is not only China but Russia as well. The State Department has taken certain measures to cut the finances of certain groups or countries that have ties to terro rist organizations and nuclear goals. North Korea has been one of the countries that China seems to be passive towards.President Obama has been careful to be too unilateral or assertive in these matters but with the recent change in power in North Korea and the upcoming elections in Iran, there is a vested interest in the Obama administration to secure a more peaceful region in Asia and the Middle East. The purpose of terror is to disable and terrorize Western populations as a whole so the pressure from Americans and other Western countries to secure the Middle East has set a fire to Obama’s more multilateral approach (Obama 2012).The research is not there for an easy explanation for these events and situations. I can see why China continues to have relationships with Russia and Iran. I can also speculate why the continued help to North Korea. Most of these countries do sit right on the border of China so that reason is obvious to keep your friends close and enemies closer, b ut that is just it. I do feel they are enemies of China rather mutual partners. I think this is what America and Obama worries about. I believe the best ways to go about this for both countries are for more transparent policies without fine print.Relationships cannot be built on lies and deception and in my fair and balanced view, there has been plenty of that from both sides, so it is important to be transparent and open in the discussions to help liberty and economic success to grow. In this way, a peaceful China and peaceful Middle East helps everyone prosper. In conclusion, President Obama and his administration have embarked on a different path from the previous administration because of the new world order that we all face in the world. Conciliatory as a method for foreign policy has been an effective means to not isolate one country over another.In other terms, using multilateral agreements and combined pressures have made progress in China. I believe one taste of liberty, an y person or group cannot wait for more so as China grows economically, it is the best interest of both countries to help one another in terms of currency, human rights, and political allies incidentally natural resources. The growth of China in recent years has been tremendous and there is so much room for it to grow more. Internally, Obama has repeated that the people in China as consumers need to consume more (US Policy 2012).This goes without saying and I believe that is happening in China. President Barack Obama is up for re-election and I am not sure who is going to win but there have been pretty strong words in regards to China and foreign policy so this paper is an interesting and important topic of study. The economist writes â€Å"Chasing the Anti-China Vote† as an article to speak of the elections. But, I happen to agree with Obama that outsourcing and manufacturing in China is there to stay so the way forward is not unilateral changes or demands. I believe China do es need America’s presence in the pacific as a police figure to help.It is similar to the situations at the turn of the 20th century. China did not accept then, and I do not believe China will accept now but surely, there will have to be some compromises made on each side and I for one look forward to healthier and brighter future for both populations since I am a product of both.Works Cited Berg, Rebecca. â€Å"In Meetings, U. S. Presses Beijing on Rights. † The New York Times. The New York Times, 26 July 2012. Web. 17 Oct. 2012. . Chang, Gordon G. â€Å"How China Will Restructure the Oil Market. † Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 24 June 2012. Web. 7 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Chasing the Anti-China Vote. † The Economist. The Economist Newspaper, n. d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Obama Foreign Policy Doctrine: Preparing America to Succeed in Multipolar World | IVANEISHVILI | Journal of Social Sciences. † Obama Foreign Policy Doctrine: Preparing America to Succeed in Multipolar World | IVANEISHVILI | Journal of Social Sciences. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Obama's Rudderless China, Russia Policy. † a Global Public Square. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Remarks By President Obama to the Australian Parliament. The White House. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. . Research. , Jane Perlez; Bree Feng Contributed. â€Å"DIPLOMATIC MEMO; Political Worries in U. S. and China Color Obama Aide's Beijing Visit. † The New York Times. The New York Times, 26 July 2012. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. . Shanghai. , Keith Bradsher; Xu Yan Contributed Research From. â€Å"China Lets Its Currency Depreciate. † The New York Times. The New York Times, 01 June 2012. Web. 17 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"USPolicy. † Obama and Chinese Vice President Xi Before Their Meeting. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. .

Germany Economic Situation

Germany Economic Situation Introduction Introduction to Germany Overview Germany is located in Europe and it is considered one of the most prosperous nations in this part of the world. It is a federal parliamentary republic that is made up of 16 semi- autonomous states (Fulbrook 23). The capital city of the nation which also serves as the political, economic and cultural center is Berlin. It is also the largest city in the country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Germany Economic Situation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As of the year 2010, the population size of this nation stood at 82.3 million (Fulbrook 23). This makes Germany the most populous member of the European Union, the economic bloc to which it belongs. It is also regarded as a major political power and one of the most technologically advanced nations in Europe. History This country has a very long history dating back several centuries. However, contemporary historians are of the view that the current Germany state can be traced back to the year 1814 after the fall from power of Napoleon I, a man who has ruled France and the neighboring territories with an iron fist for a very long time (Boyes 10). After his fall from power, the Congress of Vienna came together in the year 1814 to form what came to be known as the German Confederation (Philpott 245). This is also referred in some quarters as the Deutscher Bund. The confederation brought together 39 autonomous states that were hitherto operating independently. However, there were periodic disagreements among the member states regarding the restoration politics that were advocated to ensure the smooth running of the confederation. The history of this country is marked by intermittent conflicts and revolutions. For example, the country was actively involved in both the first and the second world wars. In World War I, this country suffered a great loss having lost more than two million soldiers. In 1918, the co untry went through the infamous German Revolution which led to the creation of the Germany republic. At some point, the country was divided into two entities which were informally referred to as West and East Germany. The western part of the entity was allied to the western nations of France, United Kingdom and the United States of America while the Eastern sector was allied to the Soviet Union.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Population As indicated above, the population of this country was approximately 82,329,758 as of the year 2010 (Fulbrook 35). In the same period, the population growth of the country stood at about -0.053 percent per annum. This means that unlike countries in the developing world which are battling huge population growth, the major concern of this nation is the negative growth in its population size. It is also noted a large portion of this c ountry’s population resides in the urban centers. As of 2008, Fulbrook (35) is of the view that about 74 percent of citizens in this country was living in the urban areas. As of the year 2010, ethnic Germans made up about 91.5 percent of the total population in the country. These were followed by individuals of Turkish ethnic groups at 2.4 percent. Protestant is the main form of religion in this country. Boyes (10) is of the view that about 34 percent of the citizens are followers of the protestant Christian faith. Catholics account for about 32 percent of the total population with Muslims accounting for about 3.7 percent of the total population. Like other developed nations, the literacy levels in this country are quite high. As of the year 2010, literacy level stood at 99 percent while level of school attendance was 100 percent (Philpott 243). Infant mortality rate stood at 3.99 per 1000 individuals in the year 2010, with life expectancy for men standing at about 75.98 year s. The life expectancy for women in this country was quite high than that of men, standing at 82.40 in the year 2010. Political System According to Wolf (4), parliamentary form of government is practiced in this nation. Germany can be described as a democratic state with a constitution that protects the rights and freedoms of the individual. The constitution also informs the distribution of powers in a federal form of government. According to Hopkins (15), the chancellor who is equivalent to a prime minister is the leader of the executive arm of the government. There is a ceremonial president who is the chief of state. The prime minister of the country is elected by the lower chamber of the country’s legislature.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Germany Economic Situation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The federal judiciary system of this country can be considered as being fairly independent. It is made up o f several structures enshrined in the constitution such as the constitutional court, high courts among others (Blaise 3). The role of the judicial arm in this country is to interpret the constitution and to ensure that the rights and privileges of the citizens are protected. Germany is a multiparty democracy with several vibrant political parties. The Christian Democratic Union (also referred to as the Christian Social Union) is one of the oldest parties in the country. With 237 seats in the Bundestag, this party is considered to be one of the most influential political entities in Germany. It is currently led by Angela Merkel who also happens to be the current Prime Minister of this country. Another party referred to as the Social Democratic Party holds 146 seats in the current parliament. This party is not only one of the oldest parties in Germany but also in the world. Currently, the party is led by Sigmar Gabriel who is also credited with promoting the party among the large citi es and the industrialized states in this country. Another political entity in Germany is the Free Democratic Party which draws majority of its supporters from the middle and upper class Protestants in this country. Today, this party which is led by Guido Westerwelle holds 93 parliamentary seats. Other political parties in this nation include The Left, Alliance 90 Greens among others. Germany Foreign Relations It is noted that the current Germany nation is significantly different from the Germany that it was during the first and second world wars as far as her foreign relations are concerned. During these wars, Germany was an enemy to many nations such as the United States of America and the United Kingdom. Today, the country enjoys fairly strong and close ties with other western nations such as the united states of American and United Kingdom. It is also a member of NATO and an active member of the European Union (Niewyk Nicosia 345). The country also actively participates in Unite d Nations’ affairs making it one of the key contributors to this body. Another organization to which the nation is affiliated is the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (herein referred to as OSCE).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Economy This report is going to address the economic situation in Germany today. As such, this aspect of the nation will not be deeply dealt with in this section of the report. However, it is important to mention that the economy of this nation is the fifth largest in the world. This is using purchasing power parity (herein referred to as PPP) as the indicator. It is the largest economy in Europe, dwarfing other economies such as France in the region. As of the year 2010, Germany was the leading exporter of machinery, technology and household items in Europe. This was made possible by a highly skilled labor force that is to be found in this nation. However, it is important to note that the economy of this country faces several challenges like other economies in the world despite the fact that it is a fairly large one. One of the challenges is the low fertility rates as identified earlier in this paper. This threatens the sustainability of this economy given the fact that it might ru n into labor shortage and reduced internal market in the future. Objectives of the Report This economic analysis report has several objectives. They are as listed below: Analysis of Germany’s macroeconomic indicators Analysis of Germany’s fiscal indicators Analysis of Germany’s monetary indicators Analysis of Germany’s international indicators A critical analysis of the problems facing Germany from a business perspective A critical analysis of future prospects for businesses in Germany Macroeconomic Study of Germany Preamble In section 1 of this report, the reader was introduced to the economic analysis of Germany which is going to be the major focus of the report. Issues covered included political system of the country, economic situation and demographic data. The aim of this background information was to provide the reader with an idea of the nation which is going to be the focus of this report. The author also provided the reader with a list of objec tives that the report will strive to achieve. In this section, the reader will provide information on the macroeconomic indicators of Germany. The issues that will be covered in this section include major macroeconomic indicators, fiscal indicators, monetary indicators, international indicators and Germany’s level of foreign exchange reserves. Major Macroeconomic Indicators in Germany Real GDP The Gross Domestic Product (herein referred to as GDP) is a major indicator used to measure the status of a country’s economy (Trading Economics 3). It can be conceptualized as the total value of all goods and services that are produced by the economy in a given period of time. This value is usually expressed in terms of dollars. According to Blaise (2), it is a measure of the size of the country’s economy expressed in terms of dollars. On the other hand, real GDP can be conceptualized as the size of the countrys economy after adjustments have been made for price changes ( Blaise 3). This means that the inflation or deflation rates are taken into account when computing real GDP. The relationship between GDP and real GDP is vividly illustrated in the equation below: GDP= Real GDP x Price (adapted from Boyes 10) As of 2010, the GDP in terms of purchasing power parity for Germany stood at 2.94 trillion US dollars (Central Intelligence Agency [CIA] 8). This makes it the fifth largest economy in the world. Real GDP Growth Rate Real GDP growth rate measures the rate of growth of the economy making adjustments for price changes. According to the CIA (3), the real GDP growth rate in Germany for the year 2010 was 3.5 percent. In 2009, the growth was -4.7 percent while it was 0.7 percent in 2008. The figure below represents the growth rate of real GDP in Germany between 2007 and 2011: Figure 1: Real GDP Growth Rate in Germany Source: Trading Economics (4) Rate of Unemployment Rate of unemployment in any economy can be conceptualized as the percentage of the la bor force in that particular economy that is not employed (International Monetary Fund [IMF] 3). In 2010, the rate of unemployment in Germany stood at 7.1 percent according to figures given by the International Labor Organization (ILO). This was a slight improvement compared to the 7.7 percent that was recorded in 2009. Current Account Balance IndexMundi (2) views current account balance as â€Å"the (economy’s) net trade in goods and services plus net earnings from rents, interest, profits and dividends and net transfers to and from the rest of the world during the period under consideration† (pp2). It is noted that the figures above are computed using exchange rates as opposed to purchasing power parity. In 2010, the current account balance for Germany stood at 188.4 billion US dollars. This was a slight decline from the 2009’s estimates of 188.6 billion dollars (IndexMundi 1). Fiscal Indicators Ratio of Gross Fiscal Deficit to Nominal GDP The 2010 budget for this country was marked by a huge fiscal deficit similar to that recorded in other nations in the European Union. The fiscal deficit for the country in 2010 was about â‚ ¬50 billion (Workman 9). This was about -3.3 percent of GDP according to CIA (21). The country has put measures in place to bring down this ratio to about 0.35 percent of the GDP by the year 2016. Government Expenditure The government expenditure in this country was about 1.535 trillion US dollars in 2010 (CIA 22). According to Roubin (237), about 50 percent of the country’s GDP is consumed by the government given the fact that the authorities have to support an expensive social welfare policy. The public debt for this country in 2010 was about 80 percent of the GDP (Philpott 244). Niewyk Nicosia (34) puts the average level of government expenditure at about 43.7 percent of GDP. Revenues According to the CIA (39), total revenues (tax plus non-tax) for Germany stood at 1.427 trillion US dollars in 2010. Th e figure below represents the tax revenue for Germany as a percentage of GDP between 1996 and 2008: Figure 2: Tax Revenue for Germany Source: Trading Economics (3) Monetary Indicators Growth of Money Supply The rate at which money supply of an economy grows at is directly related to the rate of inflation in the country. This is given the fact that the government may control the supply of money in the economy in order to control the rate of inflation. In 2010, the growth of money supply in Germany was at 10.1 percent (World Bank 122). This was similar to the rate of money supply that was evidenced in the early 1990s. Inflation Rate As already indicated, the rate of inflation is determined in part by the rate of money supply in the economy. As a result of the current global economic crisis, the rate of inflation in this country is projected to hit the 2.4 percent mark in November 2011. Between 1992 and 2010, the average rate of inflation in this country was about 1.9 percent (Trading Economics 4). According to CIA (23), the inflation rate was about 1.1 percent in 2010, up from 0.3 percent in 2009. The figure below represents rate of inflation between 2008 and 2011: Figure 3: Inflation Rate in Germany Source: Trading Economics (9) International Indicators Openness Index Openness index can be conceptualized as a measure of the extent to which an economy interacts with other economies in the world. According to the World Bank (133), this is also referred to as the ratio of merchandise trade to the size of the GDP. In other words, it is the total exports and imports divided by the country’s GDP for that particular period. In 2008, the openness index in this country was 73.20 (Trading Economics 8). The figure below represents the openness index for Germany between 1976 and 2008: Figure 4: Openness Index for Germany Source: Trading Economics (3) Growth in Level of Exports Exports in this country were worth 95 billion Euros as of September 2011 (Trading Econo mics 2). Germany being the biggest exporter in the world, this form of trade accounts for more than 30 percent of the GDP. The figure below illustrates Germany exports between July 2009 and July 2011: Figure 5: Exports in Germany Source: Trading Economics (3) Growth in Levels of Imports In 2008, imports in this country were worth about 1.2 trillion US dollars (Workman 5). China accounted for about 6 percent of this figure while the United States of America accounted for about 5 percent (Workman 5). 2010 imports were approximated by the CIA (9) at about 1.099 trillion US dollars. This was up from 972.5 trillion US dollars in 2009. Level of Foreign Exchange Reserves KPMG International (4) conceptualizes foreign-exchange reserve as the foreign currency deposits that are held by a country’s central bank and other financial organizations. As of December 31 2010, the level of foreign exchange reserve in Germany was about 216.5 billion US dollars. This was up from 180.8 billion US dollars the previous year (Blaise 4). Critical Problems in Germany Preamble In section 2 of this report, the author provided the reader with an analysis of the macro economy in Germany. Various macroeconomic indicators were analyzed. These included major macroeconomic indicators, fiscal indicators, monetary indicators and international indicators. In this section, the author will provide the reader with an analysis of the critical problems in Germany. This critical analysis will be based on the macroeconomic study conducted above. The critical analysis will be carried out from a business perspective. Critical Problems Slowed Economic Growth The economic crisis that has swept the world since 2009 has not left Germany unscathed. Philpott (245) reports that the economy of this country has come to a near-standstill during the fourth quarter of 2011. The current global economic slowdown is said to have been the largest contributor to this development. Between April and June 2011, the lar gest economy in Europe grew by a paltry 0.1 percent, creating panic in the whole continent (CIA 23). This was a dismal performance given the fact that the economy was projected to grow at about 0.5 percent during this period. The current crisis in the oil market has also been blamed for the poor performance recorded by the German economy. This is considering the fact that the country is net oil importer. In 2009, the country imported about 2.671 million barrels a day. This is compared to the exports of 470,200 barrels a day made the same year. Fall in domestic consumption was also blamed for this dismal performance. Energy production also declined within the same period. Coupled with the rise of crude oil prices in the world market, this factor has greatly impacted on the economy. Declining Population Growth Rate It is also noted that the population of this country has continued to decrease over the years. This is a major concern for economists and other analysts in this country. In 2011, population growth rate was -0.208 percent according to CIA (9). Birth rate in 2011 was about 8.3 births in every 1000 persons. This is as compared to death rate as of July 2011 which stood at 10.92 deaths in every 1000 persons. What this means is that the economy might start importing labor in future. This is in addition to shrinking internal market. Unemployment Rate The rate of unemployment in this country has been another source of major concern among businesses. It is noted that in 2011, the rate of unemployment stood at 11 percent, up from 7.8 percent the previous year. Whereas this trend may appear good to businesses due to availability of cheap labor, it is not good for the growth of the economy. Future Prospects for Businesses in Germany Preamble In section three above, the author provided the reader with an analysis of critical problems that Germany is facing today. This critical analysis was carried out from a business perspective. The problems that this country fac es as a result of the current global economic crisis and the recent changes in oil prices were analyzed. Three critical problems were identified. These are the slow economic growth, decrease in population growth and unemployment rates in the country. In this section, the author will provide the reader with an analysis of the future prospects for businesses in this country. This analysis will also be based on the economic analysis that was carried out in this paper. Future Prospects for Businesses Slowed Economic Recovery Businesses should be aware of the fact that the country is recovering slowly from the economic crisis that it went through. However, it should be noted that this is just a short term holdback. Analysts such as Carsten Brzeski of the ING are however optimistic regarding the future of the country’s economy. He is of the view that the current trend in the economic growth in Germany is an indication of normalization in growth of the economy as it emerges from the throes of the economic meltdown. He is of the view that the economy of the country may still grow by about 3 percent this year (Fulbrook 34). There are other analysts who do not hold such a positive outlook as far as the economy of the country is concerned. These are of the view that the German economic miracle (also referred to as Wirtschaftswunder) might be coming to an end. They are of the view that the country may go back to an economic recession rather than emerging from it. However, there is still some hope for businesses in this country as far as the state of the economy is concerned. The Germany government has taken note of these developments and has made some steps to help the economy recover. Since the year 2009, the constitution of the country has been changed to include policies that are meant to reduce the fiscal deficit in the country. This is through the famous ‘debt brake’ or Schuldenbremse (Fulbrook 98). This is aimed at reducing the deficit of governm ent spending to a maximum of 0.35 percent of the GDP. This is by the year 2016. The policy goes further to state that state governments in this country will not be allowed to run deficits at all starting from 2020. This development shows that the future is bright for businesses in this country. Germany’s Foreign Policy It is noted that the foreign policy of this country has being improving over the years. Starting January 2011, Germany was elected to serve as a temporary member in the UN Security Council. It is also noted that there are strong trade ties between Germany and other nations around the world. This is very important for multinationals operating in this country and other businesses that are involved in exports and imports of goods and services in the country. However, analysts are of the view that the economy of this country relies heavily on exports. This is so considering the fact that this country is the leading exporter in the world. This being the case, the co untry’s GDP is very vulnerable to changes in the international market. Population Growth and Future of Businesses in this Country Another point that should be taken into consideration by businesses operating in this country is the fact that the population of this country is shrinking. This is both positive and negative to the country’s economy. The social welfare of the citizens is likely to increase since the government can easily manage the small population. However, this might be a challenge to businesses operating here. The size of the internal market may reduce. This means that the businesses may be forced to export their goods and services while importing labor in the future. Conclusion This report found that Germany has the largest economy in Europe. However, the report found that the economy of this country has being growing at a very small rate in the recent past. This slow growth has negatively affected the whole euro zone economy. Inflation rate was found to be 1.1 percent as of 2011. The country has a significant foreign exchange reserve as compared to other economies in the region. Some of the problems that are faced by this country include slow economic growth as mentioned above, reduced rate of population growth and unemployment rates. Being a net oil importer, this country is vulnerable to changes in the price of oil in the world market. This report notes that the future is bright for businesses operating in this country. This is given the fact that the government has taken measures aimed at improving the economy. The foreign relations between Germany and other countries have also improved over the years. However, there are some challenges such as the reduced population growth that businesses have to contend with. Blaise, Robinson. Sluggish German GDP Derails European Stock Rebound. Reuters. August 16, 2011. November 30, 2011. reuters.com/article/2011/08/16/markets-europe-stocks-idUSLDE77F0AQ20110816. Boyes, Peter. Germany in th e 21st Century. New York: Free Press, 2011. Central Intelligence Agency. The World Fact Book. November 15 2011. November 30 2011. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gm.html. Fulbrook, Mary. A Concise History of Germany. 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