Managing heritage and the cultural tourism - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Managing legacy and the social the travel industry. Answer: Presentation The report helps in fundamentally breaking down the dangers and different issues in cordiality and the travel industry ventures. The principle issues are identified with work, advertising alongside innovative issues that can have tremendous negative effect on the enterprises (Pontingand O'Brien 2014). The distinctive promoting issues are identified with showcase division and covering of various brands too (McGehee 2014). This can have immense effect on the association as when there is increment in the quantity of various brands, there is increment in separation among the clients in regards to various brands that can make enormous misfortune the individual organization (Sigala 2017). The fundamental point and reason for the report is to examine the diverse promoting issues that can have immense effect on the matter of the lodgings. The various issues, for example, expanded modernity among the clients alongside covering of brands are making gigantic issue for the diverse the travel industry and accommodation businesses (Fennell 2015). The structure of the report incorporates the investigation of the issues looked by the individual business. The critical issues must be discovered, as this will help in breaking down the future development for the specific business. Examination of the critical issues for future development and improvement in Hospitality and Tourism Industry Positive The advancements identifying with the visitor room and the information mining helps later on development and improvement and aides in the monetary development (Zaitseva, Goncharovaand Androsenko 2016). The other explanation is identified with globalization wherein this is influencing the friendliness business in a positive way. So as to improve the various difficulties and appropriate advancement is required in the whole the travel industry, legitimate examination is required so as to improve such circumstances and this will help in breaking down the succession of tasks too (Hornget al. 2013). The mechanical elements are fundamental in nature to be considered as this will help in understanding the weaknesses that is looked by the organization and comprehend such issues (de Grosbois 2016). Negative There are various issues that are looked by the travel industry and accommodation industry wherein the fundamental issues are identified with showcasing alongside innovative issues as the administration isn't performing admirably (Marianiet al. 2014). The various issues, for example, innovative issues must be appropriately determined wherein there are diverse different brands, for example, control in the market that covers and this causes issues for different organizations in the serious market Pulido-Fernndez, Andrades-Calditoand Snchez-Rivero 2015). The promoting strategies that are applied by the organizations are not up to the norm, this is causing gigantic rivalry for different organizations, and there will be no recuperation also (Timothy 2014). Suggestions The significant issues that have been recognized in the examination of the travel industry are absence of legitimate promoting exercises and the less utilization of innovation in the diverse hierarchical exercises. The gainfulness and the tasks of the association can be improved with three suggestions that are recorded underneath. The promoting exercises of the travel industry should be planned in such a manner along these lines, that it can pull in more visitors and increment their benefit. The alluring planning of the advertising exercises can help the business in picking up advantage over rivalry in the market. The travel industry is very not the same as different businesses as the spot is sold and no sort of items. The opposition in the business is gigantic as the organizations in this industry need to contend with every single other organization in the whole world. The innovativeness and uniqueness of promoting efforts is significant for accomplishment in this industry. The business needs to refresh its tasks continually and feature the most recent pictures of the picked goals with the goal that they draw in shoppers. The business needs to build up the sites in such a way in this way, that they can gather the input of the clients and structure their administrations in like manner. This will help the assoc iations in the travel industry to acquire clients by furnishing them with appealing bundles. The organizations can complete their special exercises with the assistance of advanced promoting, internet based life advertising and print advertisements. The associations need to enlist an expert promoting group to plan effective notice crusades to pull in purchasers to the goals. The absence of use of the most recent innovations is another main consideration that has been influencing the deals of the association. Innovation assumes a huge job in the travel industry and neighborliness industry. The clients alongside the organizations can increase a great deal from the utilization of cutting edge innovations. The significant necessity of advances is identified with the booking and frameworks of visitor administrations. Smoothing out the exercises that are identified with these angles is the significant job of most recent innovations. Web assumes the vital job in the utilization of innovation in the field of the travel industry. The experience identified with the travel industry fundamentally begins from where the appointments are made by the clients. Innovation can be utilized effectively for the advancement related plans of the association. Another utilization of innovation is the booking or reservations of the clients in the lodgings just as the tickets. The huge the travel industry associations can utilize advancements to remain associated and speak with one another. The data can be put away effectively with the assistance of PC frameworks and the database of the clients can likewise be looked after without any problem. This aides in improving the administrations that are given to the clients by breaking down their inclinations and wants. Correspondence with the assistance of cell phones can make the business exercises simpler and the clients can generally be refreshed in regards to the progressions that can happen in the tasks and procedures. The other path by which the travel industry can expand its productivity is with the assistance of sponsorships or occasions. The associations can compose occasions that are identified with the goal, which they are advertising. This will assist them with gaining the enthusiasm of the clients that can additionally prompt the acquisition of the bundles. Limits and giveaways can likewise be offered by the associations so they draw in the clients and furnish them with alluring bundles. The inclusion of these occasions by the media can assist the associations with gaining ground and prominence in the field of the travel industry and increment their gainfulness also. References de Grosbois, D., 2016. Corporate social duty revealing in the journey the travel industry: A presentation assessment utilizing another institutional hypothesis based model.Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 24, no.2, pp.245-269. Fennell, D.A., 2015. Morals in the travel industry. InEducation for supportability in tourism(pp. 45-57). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Horng, J.S., Hu, M.L.M., Teng, C.C.C., Hsiao, H.L. also, Liu, C.H.S., 2013. Improvement and approval of the low-carbon proficiency scale among professionals in the Taiwanese the travel industry industry.Tourism Management, Vol. 35, pp.255-262. Mariani, M.M., Buhalis, D., Longhi, C. what's more, Vitouladiti, O., 2014. Overseeing change in the travel industry goals: Key issues and current trends.Journal of Destination Marketing Management,, Vol. 2, no.4, pp.269-272. McGehee, N.G., 2014. Volunteer the travel industry: development, issues and futures.Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol.22, no.6, pp.847-854. Ponting, J. what's more, O'Brien, D., 2014. Changing Nirvana: an investigation of the outcomes of normal pool asset deregulation for the supportability of Fiji's surf the travel industry industry.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,Vol.22, no.3, pp.384-402. Pulido-Fernndez, J.I., Andrades-Caldito, L. also, Snchez-Rivero, M., 2015. Is manageable the travel industry a hindrance to the financial exhibition of the travel industry? Proof from a worldwide observational study.Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol.23, no.1, pp.47-64. Sigala, M., 2017. Shared trade in the travel industry: suggestions for research and industry.Current Issues in Tourism, Vol.20, no.4, pp.346-355. Timothy, D.J. ed., 2017.Managing legacy and social the travel industry assets: Critical expositions, Volume one. Routledge. Zaitseva, N.A., Goncharova, I.V. what's more, Androsenko, M.E., 2016. Need of changes in the arrangement of cordiality industry and the travel industry preparing as far as import substitution.International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Vol.6, no.1.

Alcohol Abuse in Russia Free Essays

string(65) costs and the paces of rough passings expanded substantially. Joe Bloe Professor I. B Smart BS 131 December XX, 2008 Alcohol Abuse in Russia Family Issues Russians drink more liquor than some other country on the planet. (Halpin, 2007, p1) The Times of London reports that Russians are as of now going on a heavy drinker gorge even by Russian principles. We will compose a custom article test on Liquor Abuse in Russia or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now As indicated by the country’s boss general wellbeing official, Gennadi Onishenko, Russians are drinking about three fold the amount of as they completed sixteen years back. Onishenko’s study was proclaimed by what could be compared to the shopper assurance office and it announced that in any event 2. million individuals in Russia were heavy drinkers. The normal Russian expended 15 liters (26 pints) of unadulterated liquor per annum, up from 5. 4 liters in 1990, and this marvels is accused for an increasing pace of mortality among men. This looks at to 8. 4 liters for individuals in the United States and 7. 6 liters in Japan. (Halpin, 2007 p 1) Violent wrongdoing and liquor utilization have expanded all through the Russian league since the fall of the Soviet Union. This has demonstrated unsafe ramifications for families and networks, as overwhelming liquor drinking is firmly connected with brutal conduct in Russia.The relationship between's substantial drinking and savagery is a confounded blend of physiological, mental, situational, social and social components. At whatever point measures to control liquor creation and utilization have been presented, diminished savagery has happened in Russia and somewhere else. (WHO, 2006) Violence is a family’s most exceedingly awful foe and may incorporate physical and rapes, mental or psychological mistreatment and disregard. It might likewise be classified into relational brutality, kid abuse or disregard, private accomplice savagery inside a relationship, sexual viciousness, maltreatment of the older or self-coordinated brutality includin g self destruction. WHO, 2006) There is abundant proof to help the connection between overwhelming drinking and savagery. In Russia, liquor has been associated with seventy five percent of manslaughter captures. Families regularly endure the worst part of the brutality that exudes from overwhelming drinking. In the Central Black-Earth Region of Russia, an examination indicated that 77% of vicious violations against relatives included drinking with 35% of these consumers gorging each day. Among male culprits of spousal crime, 60â€75% of guilty parties had been drinking before the episode. (WHO, 2006)Alcohol maltreatment influences physical and subjective working bringing about diminished poise and the capacity to process approaching data. This makes consumers progressively well-suited to turn to brutality to determine clashes. (Rand Corp. , 2002) Heavy drinking can debilitate parents’ duties toward themselves and their youngsters. Drinking additionally lessens the measure of time and cash spent on their kids, regularly ignoring the children’s fundamental needs. Liquor maltreatment by either the parent or the kid builds the child’s weakness to sexual abuse.Sometimes youngsters are made to drink liquor to encourage sexual acts or include them in kid erotic entertainment. (WHO, 2006) Alcohol maltreatment during pregnancy can bring about kids being brought into the world with fetal liquor disorder just as medical problems for the mother. Exorbitant savoring a relationship can make issues with funds, childcare, disloyalty or different stressors prompting conceivably vicious circumstances. (WHO, 2006) Health Issues Russians are experiencing an issue with segment maintenance and a declining populace base.Alcoholism is a main source in increasing Russian death rates, especially among guys. Liquor adds to unexpected losses including mishaps, wounds and savagery especially among guys. Male death rates fell forcefully during Gorbachev’s hostile to liquor battle of 1984 to 1987. This exertion scaled down state liquor creation, raised costs for alcohol, ordered alcoholic medications where required and taken action against natively constructed alcohol. The program was exceptionally disagreeable and relinquished, after which both utilization of liquor and death rates for guys expanded drastically indeed. Rand Corp. , 2002) Russia’s populace has dropped from 145 million out of 2002 to 140,702,000 in July of 2008. The birth rate is somewhat higher at 11. 3 births for each 1,000; up from 9. 1 for every 1,00 out of 2002. Male future is just 59 years and for females it is 73 years. (Fitzgerald, 2003, CIA 2008) Statistics for kids are not empowering. In 2003, the quantity of solid kids in Russia dropped from 45. 5 percent to 33. 9 percent more than ten years, and the quantity of handicapped kids multiplied, as indicated by the study of disease transmission area of the Health Ministry.According to data accumulated structure the 2002 registration, 33% of Russian kids are resulting from wedlock. (Fitzgerald, 2003) The Russian Ministry of Health didn't censure alcoholic guardians for unsatisfactory wellbeing situations or the typical guilty parties of medication misuse, or smoking and eating shoddy nourishment yet accused an expansion in the school remaining burden and less time for outside exercise. The Ministry guaranteed that an unbelievable 75% of kids were said to have hypertension and related issues in the 2003 investigation of Russian wellbeing. (Fitzgerald, 2003)Beer is viewed in numerous territories as though it were soft drink. Kids as youthful as 13 routinely savor lager open in certain territories and the national legitimate drinking age is presently 18 years. Vodka has generally been accessible almost wherever to about everyone in Russia and kids have no issue discovering it. As in America and somewhere else, overwhelming liquor utilization in Russia blocks a family’s prosperity in a large group of tricky manners. What's more, Russians drink more liquor per capita than some other national populace on the planet. (Halpin, 2007)Gorbachev’s endeavor to constrain liquor maltreatment In 1985 President Gorbachev, who was then leader of the USSR, started a battle to restrain liquor maltreatment by raising the legitimate drinking age to 21 years and forcing extreme lawful endorses on home creation of liquor. (Today, the drinking age is 18 years. ) During the time of 1984 through 1987 when the battle was running, state deals of liquor diminished by 61%. Measurably, the exertion was fruitful in that all out fierce passings dropped 33% and liquor related brutal passings dropped by 51%. The program was not well known with the general population, be that as it may, and was surrendered in 1987. By 1992, showcase changes for liquor were established that changed exchange and dropped costs and the paces of brutal passings expanded significantly. You read Liquor Abuse in Russia in classification Papers (WHO, 2006) These rising figures are dependent upon translation since this was the period of perestroika in Russia and increments in rough passings can't be exclusively credited to increments in liquor accessibility and utilization. The worldly relationships between's the crackdown on liquor and the drops in brutality demonstrate that they are interconnected.Perestroika and glasnost were acquainted with Russian culture in light of President Gorbachev’s activities toward political change and good recuperation. A foundation of his arrangement was a decrease in drinking which he considered not to be as a medical issue yet a reason for financial wastefulness. (McKee, 199 9) He embraced a graceless way to deal with restricting liquor creation, dissemination and use. All state offices were requested to create departmental procedures to chop down liquor utilization. Liquor was prohibited at authentic capacities and gathering authorities who drank intensely were excused from their jobs.Liquor outlets were significantly decreased and the media changed its disposition to one of prejudice for liquor and associations like the All-Union Voluntary Society for the Struggle for Sobriety jumped up. This affiliation guaranteed 12 million individuals one year in the wake of arranging. (McKee, 1999) Within a couple of years, as the Soviet Union was crumbling, the crusade vacillated and was in the long run supplanted by a fast ascent in utilization, driven by boundless illegal creation of hand crafted liquor on a monstrous, national scale. Financial IssuesRussia’s securities exchanges have lost around 70 percent of their incentive since tops in May, and laborers have been hard hit by lay-offs and wage back payments. The lukewarm worldwide economy has lef t Russians harming and they, as a large portion of the world, have needed to decrease costs. The outcome is less state-authorized vodka being sold and an expansion in custom made spirits. Research by the National Alcohol Association demonstrated that passings from liquor harming expanded to 1,458 in September, apparently the aftereffect of Russians drinking risky substitutes for vodka as a less expensive approach to become inebriated. (Shuster, 2008)During Gorbachev’s hostile to liquor battle, the creation of samogon (hand crafted spirits) had become an enormous scope industry that gave modest liquor to Russians while denying the condition of assessment income. At the point when limitations were facilitated in 1988, liquor utilization immediately surpassed the pre-1985 level. A Russian report done in 1995 uncovered that standard tipsiness influenced somewhere in the range of 25 and 65 percent of industrial specialists and 21 percent of professional laborers, especially in country territories. (Coutsoukis, 2005) Unemployed specialists are especially powerless against l iquor misuse problems.Being accessible in many spots, day or night and being verifiably modest individuals without occupations will in general beverage all the more frequently and heavier. At the point when vodka is inaccessible or excessively costly, they will frequently fall back on risky substitutes. In 1994, the quantity of individuals who passed on of liquor harming rose to around 53,000, a significant increment from 36,000 of every 1991. These are commonly the aftereffect of drinking natively constructed liquor substitutes. Bootlegging had become a far reaching crime by the mid 1990s. (

Book Riots Deals of the Day for October 9th, 2019

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Think-Tac-Toe A Strategy for Differentiation

Think-tac-toe is a strategy that harnesses the visual pattern of the tic-tac-toe  game to broaden student understanding of instructional content, challenge students who already have some mastery of a subject, and provide a variety of means to assess student mastery in a way that is fun and unusual. A teacher would design  a think-tac-toe assignment to support the purpose of the study unit. Each row could have a single theme, use a single medium, explore the same idea across three different media, or even explore a single idea or subject across different disciplines. Differentiation in Education Differentiation is the practice of modifying and  adapting instruction, materials, content, student projects, and assessment to meet the needs of diverse learners. In a differentiated classroom, teachers recognize that all students are different and require varied teaching methods to be successful in school.  But, what does that mean in real terms that a teacher can put to use?   Enter Mary Ann Carr, author of  Differentiation Made  Simple, an educational resource that she describes a toolkit for providing different methods—or tools—for presenting materials in a way that students understand. These tools include task cards for literature, creative writing, and research;  graphic organizers; guides to creating differentiated units; and  tic-tac-toe learning tools, such as think-tac-toe. Indeed, think-tac-toe is a kind of graphic organizer that provides a way for students with different learning styles or special needs to organize content so that they can understand and learn. How It Works Put simply, Think-tac-toe is a strategy that allows students to chose how they will show what they are learning, by giving them a variety of activities to chose from, notes teaching blog, Mandy Neal. For example, suppose a class is studying the American Revolution, a subject that is taught in most fifth-grade classes. A standard way to test whether students have learned the material would be to give them a multiple-choice or essay test or have them write a paper. A think-tac-toe assignment could provide an alternative way for students to learn and show what they know. Example Think-Tac-Toe Assignment With think-tac-toe, you could give the students nine different possibilities. For example, the top row of the think-tac-toe board would allow students to choose from three possible graphic assignments, such as making a comic book of an important event in the Revolution, creating a computer graphics presentation (including their original artwork), or creating an American Revolution board game. A second row could allow students to express the subject matter dramatically by writing and presenting a one-act play, writing and presenting a puppet play, or writing and presenting a monolog. Students who learn by more traditional methods could present the material in written form listed in the bottom three boxes of the think-tac-toe board offering them a chance to create a Philadelphia newspaper about the day of the Declaration of Independence, create six letters of correspondence between a Connecticut farmer fighting under George Washington for independence and his wife back home, or writing and illustrating a childrens picture book about the Declaration of Independence. You could assign each student to complete a single assignment listed in one box, or invite them to try three assignments to score a think-tac-toe earning them extra credit.

Baseball Is America s Past Time Sport - 1588 Words

Baseball is well known as America s Past-Time sport. It has been played the same for many years, and now all of a sudden some fans and the commissioner of baseball want to make such abrupt rule changes just to speed up the game itself. Those rule changes include possibly eliminating managers, introducing a time limit on mound visits, a pitching clock, also there has been talk about starting every inning with a runner on second base, and finally one of the most drastic changes is cutting two innings from the game to make it seven innings instead of the original nine. Personally, I think these rule changes are ludicrous. Baseball is America s past time sport for a reason, it should remain the same as when it first started only†¦show more content†¦Putting a time limit on mound visits is mindless due to the fact that the person who is talking to the pitcher knows he needs to make his speech short, simple, and to the point. Time limits do nothing but rush perfection. When someo ne is rushed it could cause a whole domino effect. The person giving the speech could say something wrong and could throw off the pitchers concentration on his duties at that moment. I belief putting a time limit is just a bad idea for that specific reason, rushing in the game of baseball does nothing but cause mistakes which could later lead to a loss for the team and possibly impact the team chemistry in a negative way. As I am speaking about pitchers and time limits, they are also debating on whether or not the pitcher should have a â€Å"pitching clock† similar to that of basketball, the â€Å"Shot Clock†. â€Å"A modified version of Rule 8.04, which discourages unnecessary delays by the pitcher, shall apply. Rule 8.04 requires the pitcher to deliver the ball to the batter within 12 seconds after he receives the ball with the bases unoccupied. The penalty prescribed by Rule 8.04 for a pi tcher s violation of the Rule is that the umpire shall call - BallPace Of Game. (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2017, from http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/pace-of-game. As I stated before, whenShow MoreRelatedBaseball : America s Pastime Of The Past1255 Words   |  6 PagesBaseball: America’s Pastime of the Past A pastime is a hobby that is performed in someone’s spare time. The term America’s pastime is something that the entire nation enjoys and participates in. Since its creation, baseball has taken the top spot as the nation’s favorite recreation. For generations it filled the homes of Americans whether it be via television, conversation, or participation. Families would travel together to their local baseball stadium and root for the home team. KidsRead MoreBaseball Is America s National Pastime976 Words   |  4 PagesThe argument over which sport is originally Americas national past time is as enduring and intense as American sports themselves. Each and every week millions of people tune in to watch their favorite sports being played. 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Barry Bonds was a baseball player for the Pittsburgh Pirates and the San Francisco Giants for 21 years. He had to overcome some huge injuries, including a huge knee problem at the end of his career. The only way that he was able to lift so much while he still was recovering is a topic that has been discussed for a long time. Steroids are the only

Biblical Movie Versus Biblical Story Free Essays

string(23) " of the topic on hand\." The process of translating a book story into film is known as Film or Movie Adaptation. Movie adaptation gives meaning and life to the stories that are confined in books. It is basically spoon-feeding a viewer of scenes and characters in contrast to the tedious imaging demanded of the reader in the written accounts. We will write a custom essay sample on Biblical Movie Versus Biblical Story or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is observable in Movie Adaptation is that there are an obvious similarities and differences with written accounts. Primarily, the reason is due to the fact that written accounts are too long to fit into the usual time runs or that although the topic was interesting, it lacked entertaining scenes that would draw a crowd of modern viewers or does not evoked the kind of emotion that is expected of such a situation or incident. That is why stories taken form books oftentimes were not literally translated into films. Story revision however must be done carefully and with a degree of discretion especially involving historical events. Fictional stories can be easily manipulated but true stories should stick to the truth (Dudley 95). The Biblical movie the Passion of the Christ based on the historical crucifixion of Christ, true to its nature as an adaptation, had similarities and differences from the written account. Similarities and differences can be observed on the personality and characters of the Biblical figures as well as portrayal or delivery of certain scenes. II. Discussion A. Similarities 1. Biblical Characters The most prominent Biblical characters portrayed in the film are Jesus, Mary and Mary Magdalene, Jewish religious leaders, Roman soldiers and Pilate. In the gospels, Jesus is presented as a humble, loving, compassionate and forgiving person whose origin is both divine and human. He was born for the sole purpose of dying on the cross for man’s redemption (Thompson 1085). In other words, the defining moment of his life is his death through the crucifixion. Mel Gibson’s movie The Passion of the Christ strictly adheres to the Biblical personality and character of Christ. Christ’s is never seen as vindictive in spite of the abuses and insults heaped upon him by the persecuting Jews and Romans. His love and compassion goes forth freely as he asks God to forgive them for according to him they do not know what they were doing. He humbly accepted his cruel fate at the hands of his creation.. His love for Mary was extraordinarily communicated through his eyes. But what the movie had enforced in Jesus character was his unbelievable restraint in the midst of angry mobs. His refusal to speak, to call the angels of heaven to save him, or to his divine powers to smite his accusers was very admirable and worth emulating. Another prominent figure of the story is Mary, Jesus’ Mother. The Biblical movie coincided with the written presentation of Mary as a devoted, sacrificing and loving mother, pure and simple at heart. Her compassion and anguish at the plight of his Son and her willingness to surrender to the will of God can make a viewer appreciate Mary more in the movie. Alongside Mary was the devoted Mary Magdalene whose penitent heart showed forth in the movie. Another prominent character from which the popular â€Å"washing of hands† idiomatic expression is taken (signifying a person’s way of removing guilt or participation of an action or decision) is Pilate, the Roman governor of Judea. Like the Bible Pilate is portrayed as a cowardly, fearful man who cannot stand up to his convictions (Thompson 1019). The last groups to have made a deep impact in the movie are the persecuting Jewish religious leaders and the Roman guards. They can be described as the blatant antagonist of the story (Satan is the prime antagonist but his wicked ways were more subtle). The Jewish leaders and the Jews were portrayed as a group of men hungry to see Jesus crucified. These vengeful and hateful attitudes are faithful to the description of the Bible. The Bible clearly said that they even prefer to see Barabas free, the notoriously convicted thief, than to let Jesus escape the crucifixion. Portraying Jews in such a manner arose protest from the other races, especially the Jews, declaring that it has anti-Semitic undertones (Carroll 2004). The Roman soldiers on the other hand were also seen to as cruel. Although not directly involved with Jewish skirmishes on religious matters, they were also eager to take part in the vicious carnage. Some of them however showed signs of a tender side. 3. Dialogues and Setting The entire movie was devoted to the final hours of Jesus on earth. It began with his prayer in the garden at Gethsemane, his arrest at dawn upon the betrayal of Judas, to his being brought before the Jewish Sanhedrin, his appearance before Pilate, his agony on the way to cross and finally his crucifixion. Generally, these scenes are faithful to the Biblical account. Some dialogues spoken fits the biblical statements, such as Jesus words â€Å"Father forgive them for they do no know what they do† , as well as the dialogues of Jesus and his disciples during the last supper and many others. The whipping of Jesus on the way to the cross, his being nailed in it between the two convicted thieves , the casting of lots of the Roman soldiers are also found in the Bible. The way Jesus was being scourged and bloodied invoke man’s deepest sympathy or appreciation for his suffering and passion for humanity. The bible even said that due to flogging â€Å"he was so deformed that he does not resemble like a Man†(Thompson 714 ). B. Differences Although the Biblical movie has many similarities with the Biblical story, it also had many obvious differences. Many people may argue that the addition of such a scene may be excused as â€Å"Hollywood’s artistic liberties† for the purpose of expanding the Biblical text or widening the confines of the story in order to draw more appreciation and understanding of the topic on hand. You read "Biblical Movie Versus Biblical Story" in category "Papers" 1. Portrayal of the crucifixion. The movie was focused on the final hours of Jesus, from dawn to three o’clock in the afternoon when Christ’s died. The agony and torture on the way to the cross and Christ’s eventual crucifixion was shown in a vivid, horrifying detail: flesh come off after whipping, Christ’s hand was stretch beyond limit when nailed on the cross, constant whipping from beginning to end of the journey, a bloodied Christ’s keep falling off, and a nailed Christ was turned flat on the ground with such forceful brutality sending a cloud of dust in the air. It was the first time that such a bloody and cruel portrayal of Christ’s crucifixion ever hit the big screen. Though the Bible did mention whipping and nailing, it did not evoke the same imagery of torture as seen on the movie. The movie seems to be too brutal and full of bloodshed( Carroll 2007). One reason perhaps is because the Bible did not exactly offer a detailed account of such event while the main focus of the movie was the crucifixion itself. The problem may be due to the fact that it was easier more to picture what really occurred on screen than on paper. In other words, the emotion of the moment is easily communicated and understood through the big screen. There is a possibility that such forms of cruelty are experienced by Jesus in the hands of the Roman soldiers for Roman soldiers are known to be cruel executioners (Perry 98). What the movie was trying to achieve though is that the viewer will appreciate what Jesus did for them, and not to treat Jesus crucifixion as just another historical event of his life. 2. Scenes not found in the Bible. There are countless scenes not found in the Bible. Some of the notable scenes are: Jesus crushing the serpent with his foot in the Garden of Gethsemane. This scene can never be found in the Bible (Thompson 1017). The significance of the serpent could be that since it is a popular symbol of Satan, it signifies that Satanic influences are near, ever ready to dissuade Jesus from fulfilling his supreme mission of dying in the cross . When Jesus crushed the serpent’s feet, it means that he was victorious over the devil. The scene may help the viewer to realize how hard it must have been for Christ to surrender to the will of the Father with regards to the way he was going to die. A sensitive reader may then appreciate how strong and noble Christ’s really was. Satan , in the form of a beautiful woman, did came to tempt Jesus to forego his mission in saving men for she argued that it was a burden too hard to bear for a single man. Both the conversation and satanic appearance in the Garden were not recorded in the Bible. What is disturbing in that scene (and in many scenes afterwards) however is that Satan was represented by a beautiful woman. Nowhere in the Bible is Satan portrayed as such though he may â€Å"appear as Angel of Light:† It would have been more realistic and religiously fitting if Satan was portrayed as a male. The scenes on the way to the cross were full of incidents that can never be read in the Bible. For instance, Mary and the traditional Veronica wiping the face of Jesus with a fresh linen handed to them by the wife of Pilate. Although not found in the Bible, this is clearly an accepted tradition in the life of Christ by the Catholic Church. According to traditional Catholic stories the face of Jesus became imprinted in the linen and was then preserved( . The female Satan also kept appearing on the way to crucifixion, obviously taunting Mary. Another scene worth mentioning is that Jesus met Mary on the way to the cross. This is not mentioned in the Bible, nor was it implied that she was there at all. Biblical account tells of the appearance of Mary at a later time, when she stood at the foot of the cross of Jesus with the disciple John at her side. The arrest and trial of Jesus happened so fast so that probably Mary did not arrive until Jesus reached Golgotha. In the light of this argument, the much earlier appearance of Mary is a clear deviation of the Biblical account and may not be considered as Hollywood artistic liberties. In the movie the nailing of Jesus on the cross was very brutal wherein the Roman soldiers stretched his hand beyond its limits to match the hole on the cross so that his arms was literally broken. Aside from that, Jesus and his cross was turned together in order to hammer the protruding nail at the back of the cross. It was a very pitiful and painful sight indeed. What was notable and sickening is that amidst that scene is a bird, probably a vulture that plucked the eye of the crucified men. III. Contribution of Movie Adaptation to Biblical Story In the movie the passion of the Christ, the reader was brought into a live and detailed enactment of the sufferings of Christ during crucifixion. Some scenes were added to draw a heightened emotional response which the director or the creator of the story believed was originally present in the situation( Dudley 95). But since the movie is based on the Bible which is believed to be the inerrant Word of God, certain scenes not mentioned in the Bible should not be included unless strongly implied, because they may bring confusion or disrespect to the faith from which it was based. Also, Jesus is indeed a historical figure whose events mentioned in the Bible truly occurred so that truth is essential to the movie. III. Conclusion The Biblical movie The Passion of the Christ revolves around the final hours of Christ based on the Biblical story. Naturally, since it was derived from the Bible, it depicts scene mentioned in the Biblical account. However, some scenes were added that can be classified as â€Å"Hollywood’s artistic liberties†. In some scenes, particularly the nailing of Christ where his hand was stretched beyond its limitation so that it crunched or when the cross from which he was nailed was turned upside down so that Jesus was beneath the cross, the reader cannot help but appreciate what Jesus did. In other words, that scene evokes the rightful emotion of gratitude for what Christ did for men. However, some scenes may not be rightfully expanded but actually deviates from truth like when Satan appeared as a beautiful temptress. Work Cited 1. Dudley Louise and Austin Faricy. The Humanities. New York: MacGraw-Hill, 1973. 2. Carroll, James l. An obscene portrayal of Christ’s Passion. Globe Newspaper Company. February 2004. Retrieved November 9, 2007 from http://www. boston. com/ae/movies/articles/2004/02/24/an_obscene_portrayal_of_christs_passion/? page=2 3. Perry, Marvin. A History of the World. New York: Houghton-Mifflin Company, 1988. 4. Thompson, Frank Charles. The Thompson Chain-Reference Bible. Zondervan Bible Publishers, 1983. How to cite Biblical Movie Versus Biblical Story, Papers

Two key scenes from King Lear by William Shakespeare Essay Example

Two key scenes from King Lear by William Shakespeare Essay King Lear is widely acknowledged as one of William Shakespeare’s great tragedies. This essay will identify and analyze a couple of key scenes from the play which makes a significant contribution to the overall development of plot, its character and the theme. Act 1 Scene 1 The very first scene from the first act is important for various reasons. Firstly, it introduces all the central characters in the play and gives an indication as to their dispositions. Of the three daughters of King Lear, the two elder ones Goneril and Regan play the roles of antagonists along with the ever conspiring illegitimate son of Gloucester, Edmund. King Lear assembles in his court his heirs-apparent and key members of the nobility as he decides to announce the details of inheritance of his Kingdom. The ensuring dialogue between King Lear and his three daughters sets the tone for subsequent developments in the plot and also captures the essence of their personalities. The King decides that whichever daughter expresses a greater love for the old King and father will inherit a larger share of the bountiful land. In this context, Goneril and Regan speak of their love for their father in poetic terms, their message ridden with hyperbole. But, the old King is in no state t o decipher the veracity of their statements and feels flattered by their praise. This exchange is important for the plot of the play, as it provides key insights into the thoughts and intentions of King Lear’s daughters. In later acts and scenes, the true nature of each of the daughters would unravel much to the disappointment and anguish of the old and fragile King. Though Cordelia’s words were more restrained and devoid of exaggeration, it is she who proves the more worthy of the siblings, as she comes to the King’s rescue and protect, especially when the latter finds himself in dire need of it. The scene is also significant in respect of its introduction of Edward, the illegitimate son ofGloucester, who would mastermind a conniving scheme to undermine the fortunes of his elder brother Edgar. Hence, the first scene of the first act is important for the overall development of plot, its character and the theme. We will write a custom essay sample on Two key scenes from King Lear by William Shakespeare specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Two key scenes from King Lear by William Shakespeare specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Two key scenes from King Lear by William Shakespeare specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Act 3 Scene 2 The second scene of the third act is not only a key passage for the play but also finds a place in the Shakespearean canon. Here, King Lear, disillusioned with the treatment meted out to him by his two elder daughters, finds himself without an abode. Not only is his very life threatened in these circumstances but he is also pushed to the brink of sanity by the immediately preceding events. It is in this scene that the disgruntled King, being subject to the hardships of a ravaging thunderstorm utters those powerful words of wisdom. For example, the following lines are memorable for the tragic effect they induce in the audience. â€Å"Rumble thy bellyful! Spit, fire! spout, rain! Nor rain, wind, thunder, fire, are my daughters: I tax not you, you elements, with unkindness; I never gave you kingdom, call’d you children, You owe me no subscription: then let fall Your horrible pleasure: here I stand, your slave, A poor, infirm, weak, and despised old man: But yet I call you servile ministers, That have with two pernicious daughters join’d Your high engender’d battles ‘gainst a head So old and white as this. O! O! ’tis foul!† Here, King Lear is addressing Mother Nature herself, as he tries to make sense of the chaos and destruction that is both within and without. It is important to note that the tumult of wind and rain is related to personal betrayal by one’s own children. The remains of the King’s entourage, including Edgar and the fool, provide suitable backdrop to the scene. As the King continues to pour out his grief the fool interludes with his wise observations and remarks that adds to the overall dramatic effect. Although the climax of the plot was to come much later in the play, this scene is the most impressive for its poignant depiction of personal tragedy. The scene sets the tone for the impending realization and reconciliation with the faithful of the three daughters Cordelia. The poignancy also emerges from the loyalty shown by the King’s companions, especially Kent, who serves his King incognito. In most of Shakespeare’s plays, the rulers are portrayed to be in a state of mental stress. This is particularly true with respect to the two plays – King Lear and Measure for Measure. King Lear, which is a tragedy, is full of expressions of anguish and pathos by the old king, whose mental faculties are disintegrating by the day. After dividing his kingdom between his two elder daughters Goneril and Regan (who betray his trust), the former king becomes a lonely figure disillusioned with filial love and duty. In a hasty act, he also disowns his youngest daughter Cordelia and ends up without physical and emotional security and care, barring his retinue of one hundred Knights. This situation bears very heavily upon his already weak mental condition and in this state he pours out some of the most heart-wrenching words of anguish and despair. (Beauregard, 2008, p.201) In this respect, the following observation by critic Barbara Ann Lukacs is valid: â€Å"By .

Lystrosaurus Facts and Figures

Lystrosaurus Facts and Figures Name: Lystrosaurus (Greek for shovel lizard); pronounced LISS-tro-SORE-us Habitat: Plains (or swamps) of Antarctica, South Africa, and Asia Historical Period: Late Permian-Early Triassic (260-240 million years ago) Size and Weight: About three feet long and 100-200 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Short legs; barrel-shaped body; relatively large lungs; narrow nostrils About Lystrosaurus About the size and weight of a smallish pig, Lystrosaurus was a classic example of a dicynodont (two dog toothed) therapsid- that is, one of the mammal-like reptiles of the late Permian and early Triassic periods that preceded the dinosaurs, lived alongside the archosaurs (the dinosaurs true ancestors), and eventually evolved into the earliest mammals of the Mesozoic Era. As therapsids go, though, Lystrosaurus was on the much less mammal-like end of the scale: its unlikely that this reptile possessed either fur or a warm-blooded metabolism, putting it in stark contrast to near contemporaries like Cynognathus and Thrinaxodon. The most impressive thing about Lystrosaurus is how widespread it was. The remains of this Triassic reptile have been unearthed in India, South Africa and even Antarctica (these three continents were once merged together into the giant continent of Pangea), and its fossils are so numerous that they account for a whopping 95 percent of the bones recovered at some fossil beds. No less an authority than the famous evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins has called Lystrosaurus the Noah of the Permian/Triassic boundary, being one of the few creatures to survive this little-known global extinction event 250 million years ago that killed 95 percent of marine animals and 70 percent of terrestrial ones. Why was Lystrosaurus so successful when so many other genera went extinct? No one knows for sure, but there are a few theories. Perhaps the unusually large lungs of Lystrosaurus allowed it to cope with plunging oxygen levels at the Permian-Triassic boundary; perhaps Lystrosaurus was somehow spared thanks to its presumed semi-aquatic lifestyle (the same way crocodiles managed to survive the K/T Extinction tens of millions of years later); or perhaps Lystrosaurus was so plain vanilla and unspecialized compared to other therapsids (not to mention so petitely built) that it managed to endure environmental stresses that rendered its fellow reptiles kaput. (Refusing to subscribe to the second theory, some paleontologists believe that Lystrosaurus actually thrived in the hot, arid, oxygen-starved environments that prevailed during the first few million years of the Triassic period.) There are over 20 identified species of Lystrosaurus, four of them from the Karoo Basin in South Africa, the most productive source of Lystrosaurus fossils in the entire world. By the way, this unprepossessing reptile made a cameo appearance in the late 19th century Bone Wars: an amateur fossil-hunter described a skull to the American paleontologist Othniel C. Marsh, but when Marsh didnt express any interest, the skull was forwarded instead to his arch-rival Edward Drinker Cope, who coined the name Lystrosaurus. Oddly, a short time later, Marsh purchased the skull for his own collection, perhaps wishing to examine it more closely for any mistakes Cope may have made!

Adverb of Emphasis - Definition and Examples

Adverb of Emphasis s In English grammar, adverb of emphasis is  a traditional term for an intensifier  used to give added force or a greater degree of certainty to another word in a sentence or to the sentence as a whole. Also called an emphasizer and an  emphasizing adverb. Common adverbs of emphasis include absolutely,  certainly, clearly, definitely, naturally, obviously, positively, really, simply, and undoubtedly. In The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar  (2014), Bas Aarts et al. point out that [o]nly some grammatical models subdivide adverbs with this level of semantic detail.  Ã‚   Examples and Observations I was flat broke and the rent was due. Clearly I needed to find a job.Hes tapping my phone, he said to Celia indignantly. I definitely heard it. Definitely.(Lawrence Sanders, The First Deadly Sin.  G. P. Putnams Sons, 1973) I hadnt the slightest hesitation in saying: For sure! Tell the manabsolutely! Absolutely! Of course!(Joey Tallon in Call Me the Breeze, a novel by Patrick McCabe, 2003) In Stamps the segregation  was so complete that most Black children didnt really, absolutely know what whites looked like.(Maya Angelou,  I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969Deterrence, obviously, is one of the aims of punishment, but it is surely not the only one. On the contrary, there are at least half a dozen, and some are probably quite as important.(H.L. Mencken, The Penalty of Death At the door of the kitchen she said, You never finish your lunch. You run around senselessly. What will become of you?Then she died.Naturally for the rest of my life I longed to  see her, n ot only in doorways, in a great number of places- in the dining room with my aunts, at the window looking up and down the block, in the country garden among zinnias and marigolds, in the living room with my father.(Grace Paley, Mother.  Later the Same Day. Farrar, Straus Giroux, 1985) Theoretically, of course, one ought always to try for the best word. But practically, the habit of excessive care in word-selection frequently results in loss of spontaneity.(Francis Thompson, qtd. by Arthur Quiller-Couch in Murder Your Darlings)Everything beginning at Blake Avenue  would always wear for me some delightful strangeness and mildness, simply because it was not of my block, the block,  where the clang  of your head sounded against the pavement when you fell in a fist fight, and the rows of store-lights on each side were pitiless, watching you.(Alfred Kazin, A Walker in the City. Harcourt Brace, 1951 There is undoubtedly a sensation in traveling into foreign parts that is to be had nowhere else; but it is more pleasing at the time than lasting.(William Hazlitt, On Going a Journey Fallacies You can spot ​discourses that beg the question by looking for such words as obviously, of course, and really. Any defense lawyer would immediately leap up and say, Objection! if the prosecution were to say to the jury, Obviously, she is guilty. (Edward P. J. Corbett and Rosa A. Eberly, The Elements of Reasoning. Allyn and Bacon, 2000)

IT infrastructure security Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

IT infrastructure security - Term Paper Example The workstation is a desktop PC and is at the study den in the home. It is predominantly used for sending and receiving e-mail, writing and printing papers, surfing the internet, making computer drawings or art, create and publish Website pages, creating graphs charts for coursework and gaming. In terms of the processing power, it has a dual-core processor, 3 GB of R.A.M, Windows XP operating system and hard drive storage of 160 GB. The home computer might be a popular target for intruders who are curious to find out what you have stored in the workstation. They look for bank account information, credit card numbers and anything confidential and worth some amount they can find. For a home computer, the intruders are not just interested in the money-related information; they also want the workstations resources. This refers to the fast processor, hard disk space, and the internet connection. They can then use these resources to attack other computers on the internet. As a matter of fa ct, the more computers a hacker compromises, the harder it is for the authorities to trace the origin of the attack. Following this, if intruders cannot be traced, they cannot be stopped and they cannot be prosecuted.Intruders pay attention to home computers for some obvious reasons. First, the home computers are basically easy to break into and are not secure. When combined high-bandwidth connections are turned on, hackers can quickly find and exploit the security vulnerabilities of the home computers.... In terms of the processing power, it has a dual core processor, 3 GB of R.A.M, windows Xp operating system and hard drive storage of 160 GB. The home computer might be a popular target for intruders who are curious to find out what you have stored in the workstation. They look for bank account information, credit card numbers and anything confidential and worth some amount they can find. After stealing your information, the intruders can use the money to buy goods and services. For a home computer, the intruders are not just interested in the money-related information; they also want the workstations resources. This refers to the fast processor, hard disk space and the internet connection. They can then use these resources to attack other computers on the internet. As a matter of fact, the more computers a hacker compromises, the harder it is for the authorities to trace the origin of the attack. Following this, if intruders cannot be traced, they cannot be stopped and they cannot be prosecuted. Intruders pay attention to home computers for some obvious reasons. First, the home computers are basically easy to break into and are not secure. When combined high-bandwidth connections are turned on, hackers can quickly find and exploit the security vulnerabilities of the home computers. In the attack, intruders will prefer workstations attached to high-speed connections, DSL modems and cable modems to dial-in connections. Regardless of the home computer’s internet connection, the intruders’ attempts are often successful. A lot of home PC owners do not know that they need to consider their home computers security. Network security perspective In the past security threats came

Transpower Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Transpower - Assignment Example This analysis comes in the wake of an announcement from the New Zealand government, for instance, that there had been an allocation in the amount of $4.6 billion for the upgrading of the national power grid over the course of the next ten years, beginning in 2012, with the key purpose of the investments being the modernization of the grid and the setting up of infrastructure to ready the country for future increases in power consumption and demand. This fund is also earmarked to likewise improve reliability of power supply to consumers, both industrial and residential. On the other hand, the investment plan also takes a shot at the current state of generation and transmission in New Zealand, where generation facilities are centralized, and necessitate the kind of transmission infrastructure investments that could be limited and reduced by investing more in distributed generation moving forward. The idea is that transmission investments are not etched in stone as necessary, if generat ion is distributed, and if such facilities are located close to the demand. Where this becomes a reality, then there is a reduced need to build large generation facilities and the necessary transmission infrastructure needed to pipe the power to the consumers (Sustainable Energy Association, 2012). II. Transmission Upgrade Projects Are On-going and Massive The investment in additional grid infrastructure, in particular new transmission lines capabilities/capacities on top of the existing infrastructure, or as an addition to that, has been on-going, with the total capital outlay for those projects slated at $5 billion over the next ten years, as estimated by Transpower itself, and broken down into a number of key infrastructure projects, some on-going, and with varying completion dates. The key projects are said to be one, the upgrading of the transmission grid in the North Island, which is intended to erect a new link for transmitting power between Auckland and Whakamaru; two, upgra ding of the transmission link between Northland and North Auckland, which entails putting up a 220 kV infrastructure link as well as two substations; three, the replacement of the pole used to link different islands in New Zealand via HVDC, specifically Pole 1; and four, the erection of a new transmission infrastructure between Whakamaru and Wairakei, that will be double-circuited (Transpower, 2012). The upgrading of the whole grid in the North Island is said to be among the largest of the current crop of on-going projects, with project completion slated in 2012, and

Comparison Of Memory Models Psychology Essay

Comparison Of Memory Models Psychology Essay This assignment is going to compare the multi-store model Atkinson and shiffrins (1968) and levels of processing Craik and Lockhart (1972) there is evidence to support both theories and evidence against. The essay will firstly describe the multi-store model with several studies including Baddeley (1966) Peterson and Peterson (1959) and then a brief description of the levels of processing model with Craik and Tulvings(1971) and Tyler et al (1979) studies then will end with an evaluation of both models The multi-store model was the first theory of its kind, it was created to study the way memory is processed, and how we retain and store information and why some information stays with us for all our life and other information is lost. Atkinson and Shiffrins (1968) believed that when we attend to information it then goes into different stores and this determines whether the information gets encoded into our long term memory or short term memory. (Grahame Hill 2001) So firstly when information goes into our sensory store (sensory store meaning anything we touch, see , smell or hear) we have a couple of seconds to attend to the information if not the information will be lost forever but if attended to then it will become encoded into our short term memory . However even when information is in our short term memory if its not rehearsed then it can still be displaced but if rehearsal has taken place then its more likely to be stored in our long term memory The Baddeley( 1966 ) study supports the multi-store model, he set out to achieve information on weather encoding in short term memory was acoustic or semantic. He gave his subjects a list of four letter words. The lists were acoustically similar and dissimilar and semantically similar and dissimilar. He then read out the words four times, immediately after the subjects was given a list containing all the words he had read out but in the wrong order their task was to rearrange the words back into the correct order this was to test the short term memory His participants that had been given acoustically similar had worst recall with only 10% of recall of words being in the correct order and the rest of the lists got a 60% to 80% recall so therefore short term memory has better acoustic encoding memories. So this study supports the multi-store that we have a short term memory store. Overall the outcome is that multi-store model is the basic explanation of memory and is very simplistic and Baddeleys theory suggest that the short term memory is more complex.( Barbara woods 2004) Peterson and Peterson (1959 ) is also another theory that supports Atkinson and Shiffrins (1968 ) multi-store model regarding short term memory their experiment tested the duration of short term memory. They gathered a number of subjects and shown them nonsense trigrams ( ptr, rtw) they tested recall after three second intervals and then tested recall after eighteen second intervals. This was to demonstrate if the information got encoded into their sensory store or short term memory.( wwwcom) Their finding was that the subjects got a greater recall 90% on the three second interval and only 2% on the eighteen second interval. This proved that we have a poor memories when we dont have a verbal rehearsal which agrees with Atkinson and Shiffrins (1968 ) theory that you have to rehearse information for it to be encoded into our memory stores Also there is Craik and Lockharts (1968) model that suggests that rehearsal is not the only form of memory and that its more complex so they studied the depths of processing. This proved once again that the multi store model was too simplistic. (Richard gross and Geoff rolls 2003) The multi-store model explanation is basic and it only explains encoding, storage and retrieval. Its a very simplistic theory that other physiologists have elaborated on. Baddeleys ( 1966) theory supported the multi-store model that we have two separate memory stores short term and long term. The multi-store model does not explain why we can remember information in our short term memory that we have not rehearsed. Levels of processing Levels of processing was created as an alternative that challenged Atkinson and shiffrins multi-store model Craik and Lockhart (1971) argued that rehearsal alone could not explain how people stored information in their long term memory, so they set out to prove that information is more memorable when its more meaningful. Craik and Lockhart (1971) believed that it was down to how a person processed this information; the deeper it gets imbedded then more chance that it will get encoded into the long term memory and that they was three types of proceeding Organisation, Distinctiveness and elaboration. To prove this they did an experiment. (Richard gross and Geoff rolls 2003) Craik and Tulving(1971) gathered a number of subjects together and shown them a list of 5 letter nouns and then asked questions about the words. Questions was in three different styles case rhyme and sentence questions, case question; would be is the word in capitals, rhyme question; does the word hat rhyme with the word and lastly sentence question; would the word hat fit into the sentence; the .. Is down the street. The subjects could only answer yes or no to the questions. Craik and Tulving (1971) then studied the findings, review the answers that the subjects have given to find out which has the greater recall so there for a deeper level of processing (Grahame hill 2001) (Richard gross and Geoff Rolls 2003) Their findings was in favour of sentence questions which falls under semantic processing with the subjects remembering 70% of the words so semantic processing has a better recall then rhyme question which is phonemic processing with the subjects remembering 35% of the words for recall and shallow processing the least with only 15% of the words being recalled. So shallow processing takes less thinking about and as a result the information will be less likely to be stored in your long term memory. Phonemic the subjects had to think a bit more about the answer, so some of the information got in encoded and semantic was the best overall due to the fact that the subjects had to think even more so the information got encoded deeper so had the best recall. (Nicky Hayes and sue Orrel 193l) Their are other studies that have been created that have agreed and disagreed with Craik Lockhart(1971) theory that its all down to the depth of processing to which you get recall . a theory that disagreed with the theory was Tyler et al (1979) He did an experimental study which involved anagrams. two sets. One difficult example rtoodc and one easy example doctro. Now if Craik and Lockharts theory was to be proven right the subjects should have come up with the same result as its the same word so the depth of the encoding should be the same, so recall should be the same. The subjects got better recall with the harder anagram which suggests that the more time you pay and effort will get a better recall. Levels of processing takes into account the effects of processing not just rehearsal and elaborates on deeper processing, organisation, distinctiveness and elaboration. Levels of processing gives us ways to improve memory finding information that is distinct. An argument against this theory is who defines what deep processing is? Plus if semantic processing produces better recall therefore semantic processing must be deeper leading to better recall so its a circular argument. Memory is a complex system with a vast amount of other psychologists undertaking studies to try and find an insight into how we remember information. The multi-store model even thou its a very basic and simplistic it was a great first attempt at understanding memory and gave future psychologists somewhere to start from. Atkinson and Shiffrins (1978) model does not explain why some information does not need rehearsal but still gets encoded into our memory. However even when rehearsal has taken place, its not always enough to transfer the information from short term to long term memory store. Although with levels of processing the model is more descriptive and looks into the different types of processing. But the model does not explain why these different types of processing lead to better recall. Craik and Lockharts (1972) theory also assumes that semantic processing is deeper then phonemic but there is no evidence to prove this. Therefore both models have weaknesses and both have evidence that supports and backs up the models. The multi-store model is always going to be the basic theory that other psychologists elaborate on and therefore this assignment is more in favour of the multi-store model then levels of processing due to the fact that there is more evidence to support that there is different memory stores and that when we receive information it then gets encoded and if rehearsed there is a chance that the information will then be stored into our short term or long term memory store.

Narrative Reporting

Narrative reporting and introduction of OFR is an important development in corporate responsibility. The introduction of mandatory OFR made several companies race to meet with the requirements of the law. Subsequently, the OFR was made non mandatory again but awareness has been created. Every investor knows that he should look at the OFR of a company he seeks to invest in. If the OFR is missing it raises doubts about the credibility and the intentions of the company .In future even though the mandatory clause has been withdrawn, companies are likely to produce more comprehensive and informative OFR than ever before.Narrative reporting concentrates on presenting events and actions in certain order so that complications and problems are understood. Narrative reporting concentrates on the descriptions, events and facts that pertain to events, identifying the personnel who are involved and the manner in which the sequence of events took place. The OFR (Operating and financial review) is a report included in a company’s annual report and accounts that is published to meet the requirement of corporate governance that enumerates the operating activities and financial affairs of the company.In the UK the Operating and Financial Review was introduced with the purpose of increasing corporate responsibility. The purpose of this requirement was that social and environmental issues would be described in the OTR and this would provide a wider level of information to the shareholder. In addition, it was expected that the OTR would in a way compel companies to carry out external audit of these issues. Specifically it was intended that the OFR would provide better information to the investors on the likely performance of the companies during the financial year.The contents of the OFR should have an overview of the capital structure of the company and the financial characteristics of the company. In addition, the OFR was required to provide the main risks and uncertaintie s that faced the company. Further, the OFR was required to have descriptions of the brand strength, market strengths, company reputation and R&D, that is the resources that the company enjoyed in the market. Most importantly, the OFR required the companies to disclose the objectives and strategies of the company (Financial Reporting Council 2007).The OFR also required the companies to disclose its relationships with suppliers, customer and employees. In other words the company was required to disclose its relationship with the stakeholders of the company. The company was also required to comment on the reputation of the company, especially in relation to the society and the environment. Moreover, the company was required to comment on the impact the reputation would have on the future performance of the company (Yeldar. R. 2007).In the UK the OFR disclosures have been left to an extent to the directors of the company. Their views on the different points are critical in making the di sclosure useful to the company. Moreover, the government has focused on the OFR to fill the lacunae in reporting that traditional financial statements left in the annual reports (Morris. G, McKay. S & Oates. A, 2006). If the board is so inclined, then the OFR can simply be relegated to a public relations activity of the company.The point is that if companies choose not to include corporate responsibility issues in their OFR then there may be a need for a mandatory inclusion of corporate responsibility indicators in the OFR. Even though OFR is driving the companies to disclose corporate responsibility issues, the final decision to disclose remains with the companies (Gee. P, 2006). The OFRs are required to honestly disclose the performance, development and the position of the company to help the investor make better decisions. In addition, the OFRs are required to provide the salient factors and the important trend that affect the present financial performance and the future status o f the company. It is believed that not too many boards of directors will be eager to make an honest disclosure of these trends.To assess the current state of narrative reporting in the UK let us take a look at the review of narrative reporting published by the ASB on January 15, 2007. The report gives some areas of improvement that is the key performance indicators are missing in narrative reporting, the companies are not careful in their description of the principal risks and uncertainties and do not mention their approaches in mitigating these risks and uncertainties. What is most important is that forward looking information is not disclosed in the narrative reports.The review lauds the companies for reporting an increasing number of environmental, employee and social issues, the companies are giving good description of current developments and present performance and that the companies are providing more or less good descriptions of their current business, markets, strategic pla ns and objectives (Ploix. H, & Charkham. J 2005). The auditors are currently required to comment on whether the OFR is consistent with their knowledge of the Annual Report and accounts. However, it is often seen that currently the companies in their OFR often give spin over substance.The companies over emphasize their favorable performance and avoid mentioning their areas of weaknesses. It is expected that now the companies will be required to product a broader annual report and specify their non financial performance and plans for future. For example, Shell is the biggest emitter of greenhouse gases in the UK and has a share of 23% of all emissions from FTSE 100 companies but this is not mentioned in the OFR of the company. There are no specific plans either to reduce emissions. Similarly, BP and Scottish Power are responsible for 17% of the emissions but this is not clearly mentioned in their annual reports.The lacuna in the law is that the auditor is required to compare the OFR s tatements with the financial reports and accounts and check if the statements in the OFR are in agreement with financial reports and accounts. This does not require the auditor to mention the omissions that have been made from the OFR nor does the audit of the narrative statement require the board of directors to make statements that disclose the weaknesses of the company. It is clear that in case of Shell, BP and Scottish Power if their emission levels of greenhouse gases are mentioned and the weaknesses in their future plans of reducing these emissions are clearly delineated in their annual reports, then several ethical investors may decide to stay away from these companies (Cowan. N, 2006, p 137).The recent history of the OFR is that the OFR was first introduced in 1993 by the ASB. At that time it was not mandatory. The Companies Act 1985(Operating and Financial Review and Directors’ Report etc.) Regulations 2005 required quoted companies to prepare a compulsory OFR and ot her companies to include in their Directors’ Reports a business review. Small companies were exempt from the requirements of this regulation.The Accounting Standards Board issued an accompanying Reporting Standard that those companies that complied with the Reporting Standard 1 would be presumed to have met the OFR Regulations. In November, 2005 the Chancellor announced that the government wanted to do away with the need for quoted companies to prepare an OFR. In January 2006 the Repeal Regulation of 2005 came into force that did away with the need for quoted companies to make an OFR.The Reporting Standard 1 was converted into a Reporting Statement. This remains just as a guiding statement for companies that decided to produce an OFR (Vilers. C, 2006). In the next month that is February 2006 the government requested suggestions and comments on improving the narrative reporting requirements. In May 2006 the government publicized amendments to the Business Review legislation. F inally, in November 2006, The Companies Act was given the final assent. and the Business Review requirements are now given legal sanction.Gordon Brown’s decision to abandon the mandatory nature of the OFR has been supported by two arguments. First, the government claims it wants to reduce bureaucracy. Second, government feels that the new requirements for business review meet the EU requirements for narrative reporting. This is the official line of the government.. However, there are other reasons that are being given as the reason for the abolition of the compulsory clause. It is claimed that the abolition of the mandatory requirement is offered as an incentive to business to remain in the UK and to attract new businesses to the UK. It is a part of the race to make UK attractive to business investors.Several environmental organizations like Friends of Earth and NGOs have decided to file a law suit against the government to force it to see reason. They see the withdrawal of t he mandatory clause as signal to the business sector to continue with their environmentally baneful expansion plans. These organizations had been earlier clamoring for mandatory social and environmental reporting for businesses. From this perspective it seems that Gordon Brown’s decision is not a good one.There are other reasons given to support Gordon Brown’s decision. The claim is that more than 80% of the listed companies will voluntarily comply with the requirements of Reporting Statement and generate OFR statements. Those that do not will face investor reaction and comply with the Reporting Statement requirements. Those that persist in not producing an OFR voluntarily will be perceived as not transparent by the investing public. In addition, the proponents of the abolition of mandatory OFR aver that the size and the complexity of the annual reports daunting to most investors. In 2005 the average length of the annual reports was 71 pages. Adding to this only confus es the shareholders.Finally, the materiality get out clause has made the compulsory OFR ineffective. This has also allowed companies to get out of the need to report their weaknesses. However, we should not write off the OFR as dead. Every business knows that it should have an OFR to inform its shareholder. The need for qualitative, non-financial information has been created in the investors. If a company does not produce an OFR the investor may suspect it several faults. The end result will be that the shareholders will find it prudent to stay away from companies that do not produce a comprehensive OFR. There will be reputed persons who will stay away from the boards of companies that do not produce an OFR that meets the standard prescribed by the ASB.The OFR lives in the business review. The government is not compelling the companies to produce an OFR but the shareholders, investors and other stakeholders will compel the companies to produce and OFR. Environmental organizations an d NGOs will take up the matter with companies that do not report on social and environmental issues. Companies that refuse to make OFRs may be shunned by ethical investors, high profile employees and environmentally conscious business partners. The awareness has been created, guidelines have been drafted and the importance of corporate responsibility has been emblazoned. The OFR has taken on a life of its own and even without compulsion it will feature in the annual reports of most UK companies.As the consciousness of investors increases, as the top employees become choosier and as corporations become more environmentally sensitive, OFR will continue to thrive. There is no need to revive the mandatory clause. Enough consciousness has been created to make the corporate sector aware and alive to its reporting responsibilities, the Business Review is adequate for this purpose. Those companies that do not behave in a responsible manner will suffer because they will not be able to sustai n the interests of stakeholders that matter.To sum, there are a number of reasons given in support of the abolition of the mandatory clause and a number of reasons are being given for the reintroduction of mandatory requirements for OFR However, the importance of the OFA has been driven home to the companies, the investors and other stakeholders. Financial reporting alone does not give enough information to make a decision and he knows that an OFA is important. The OFA continues to live in the UK corporate world even after the mandatory clause has been abolished.References:Cowan. N, 2006 Risk Analysis and Evaluation, Lessons Professional Publishing..Financial Reporting Council 2007 ‘ASB Publishes Review of Narrative Reporting’. Retrieved on January 30, 2007 from http://www.frc.org.uk-Gee. P, 2006 UK GAAP for Business and Practice, ElsevierMorris. G, McKay. S & Oates. A, 2006 Finance Director’s Handbook, Elsevier.Ploix. H, & Charkham. J 2005 Keeping Better Company : Corporate Governance Ten Years on, Oxford University Press.Vilers. C, 2006, Corporate Reporting and Company Law, Cambridge University Press. 205 -209Yeldar. R. 2007 Accounting Standards Board Publishes Review of Narrative Reporting, Retrieved on January 30, 2007 from: http://ry.com/news/news/?id=3345

Controversial Topics Within the Hunger Games - 2289 Words

Making several appearances on the American Library Association’s ‘most contested books’ listings for its controversial and confronting content, The Hunger Games trilogy has become one of the most discussed Young Adult fictions since its debut in 2008. Through Suzanne Collins’ use of provocative themes of class and extreme poverty, confronting depictions of violence amongst children and the challenging of stereotypical gender roles, the novel discusses the hardships faced by children living within her harsh, yet thrilling, constructed universe. The raw and violent nature of the narrative attracts concerns from adults spanning the globe, raising questions regarding the suitability of The Hunger Games as Young Adult fiction. Through a†¦show more content†¦35) Providing representation of real world issues, such as poverty, through the medium of fiction allows the reader rumination and discussion surrounding these isssues. For the average teenager livin g within western society the subject of poverty and the threat of starvation does not appear on the forefront of daily life and observation. Allowing insight into such issues through fiction gives the young audience an understanding of poverty, desperation and abuse from the safety and comfort of their own home. It is important to acknowledge that â€Å"as children’s knowledge of the world deepens, so there has to come into stories the recognition that parents can sometimes tell lies, run away, that friends can let you down, that you are on your own in an adult world, which can often look very bleak.† (Clark 1997, p. 36) The protagonist paints a picture of survival through hardship by whatever means possible, and in the case of Katniss survival is obtained through the undertaking of illegal hunting in the forest beyond the district boundaries, to which is punishable by death. 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Foundations Of Knowledge And Professional Skills Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1089 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? This exploratory study by Baker M. and Wurgler J. agrees with the school of thought that investors are sentiment inclined and this in turn affects stock prices. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Foundations Of Knowledge And Professional Skills Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Several articles have corroborated this claim, a recent article by Larry Swedroe (2012) states, Theres a strong body of evidence demonstrating that individuals tend to be influenced by investor sentiment. The main aim of the research is to measure investor sentiment and quantify its effect on stock prices (Baker M and Wurgler J, 2007). Even though a top down and macro-economic approach was adopted, some factors that are so pertinent to investor sentiment were not discussed. The approach being adopted here entails measurement of aggregate sentiments, reduced-form, and traces its effect to market returns and individual stocks (Baker M and Wurgler J, 2007). The theory of this study is based on behavioural finance which was defined by Sewell (2007) as the study of the influence of psychology on the behavior of financial practitioners and the subsequent effect on markets. There is also the belief that the movement of prices on the exchanges is dependent to a large extent on the mental attitude of the investing and trading public (Selden 1912, cited in Sewell 2007). This theory also argues that there is limits to arbitrage, which gives room for investor irrationality to be significant and have a long-term effect on prices. (Rohit, 2006). This theory gives a strong insight into the basis of this research. Investor sentiment exists and it has a strong influence on the stock market. How do we quantify this effect on the stock market? This is a very interesting question the study is trying to answer. The top down approach being adopted further identified classes of stocks that are more prone to investor sentiment than others. The study categorized investors to include those whose judgments are affected by sentiments, otherwise being referred to as the Irrational Traders; while the other class of investors include those whose decisions are not marred by sentiment. Sentiments come into play when there are uncertainties in the variables for determining the net value of a stock where there is a track record. Sentiment does not necessarily mean an upward valuing of a stock; it can also lead to the stock being underpriced. This research probes further into achieving its aim by discussing how to measure investor sentiments, the class of stock more sensitive to sentiment and to also ascertain if the level of sentiment is a contributory factor in the future when the effect of the sentiment has been eroded. After identifying the sentiment indices, the study was faced with the challenge of which measures amongst the ones highlighted to choose in quantifying the investor sentiment based on data availability on these indices. This narrowed down the sentiment proxies to be considered to six; trading volume, dividend premium, close-end fund discounts, volume of IPO and first day return, equity share in new shares (Baker M and Wurgler J, 2007). Even though data are available for some of the proxies, some other factors independent of sentiments have cropped up and regularly affected the data over the years. Regression was conducted on the indices to remove the effect of these external factors. Using the data available for mutual funds on 10 stocks, a three time-series regression was run on the 10 stocks (Baker M and Wurgler J, 2007). This relates volatility of the stocks and the ease or difficulty of arbitrage. In categorizing stocks according to their speculative appeal and the difficulty of arbitrage there was a difficulty in that professional analysts forecasts which would have been a gauge for speculations was not available dated back to the data gathering time span. This is a limitation to the quality of result. The study revealed that the effect of general demand for stock funds on monthly returns is higher for higher volatility portfolios, because the stocks there in are harder to arbitrage (Baker M and Wurgler J, 2007). It further proved that when sentiment is low, the average future returns of speculative stocks exceed those of bond-like stocks and when sentiment is high, the average future returns on speculative stocks are on average lower than the returns of bond-like stocks (Baker M and Wurgler J, 2007). Considering the limitations identified in the process of data gathering and other identified impediments which are not sentiment based which would have distorted the sentiment indices, the research would have been a qualitative one rather than quantitative. In quantitative approach, the upward valuing and downward valuing of a stock are measured against LIBOR which recently was observed to be influenced by the major bank treasury managers in United Kingdom. Some other factors that are pertinent to investor sentiments were also not discussed in the study namely; Media: The role of the media in influencing investors decision is a very salient factor that determines the level of investor sentiment. Lots of individual investors form perceptions about stocks based on information they get from the media. A study by Paul C. Tetlock (2007) was able to correlate level of media pessimism to induce pressure on market prices which is consistent with sentiment theories with the assumption that media content is linked to the behaviour of individuals. Terrorism: Terrorism is a menace ravaging particularly developing countries. Nigeria has been experiencing series of bomb blasts in most parts of the north making it unsafe for businesses to thrive. In response, Julius Berger amongst a lot of other foreign firms shut down their business in that part of the country. This is also taking its turn on the Stock Market as it was reported in The Guardian Nigeria of 15th June (2012:50) that Equity price of some highly capitalized stocks suffered depreciation due to profit taking by investors. The Stock market is experiencing capital flight as lots of foreign investors lose confidence in the market due to insecurity. Relating the claim above with the research by Konstaninos Drakos(2010:128), he stated that if terrorist attacks were a mood proxy, then their occurrences could be expected to cause investor sentiment to deteriorate and consequently put a downward pressure on stock prices. These are pointers to the fact that measuring investor sentiments comprehensively are based on some indices which cannot be quantified and as such a qualitative approach would have been more appropriate. Further research work would be in localizing the effect of investor sentiment in stock markets by country and not generalizing it considering the fact that some of the sentiment proxies mentioned above are economic and sociopolitical. The word count for this work is 1089.